"type I: focal cortical dysplasia with abnormal cortical lamination"
"a: abundant microcolumns (radial cortical lamination)"
"b: abnormal layering (tangential 6-layer cortical lamination)"
"c: vertical and horizontal abnormalities (radial and tangential cortical lamination)"
"type II: focal cortical dysplasia with dysmorphic neurones (Taylor dysplasia)"
"a: without balloon cells"
"b: with balloon cells"
"type III: cortical dyslamination associated..."
"a: with hippocampal sclerosis"
"b: adjacent to brain tumour (glial or glioneuronal tumour)"
"c: adjacent to vascular malformation"
"d: adjacent to other lesions acquired in early life (e.g. stroke)"
"white matter: mild malformations of cortical development with..."
"layer 1A: histopathology diagnosis"
"layer 1B: ILAE histopathological subtype"
"layer 2: genetic findings"
"layer 3: neuroimaging findings"
"type III: cortical dyslamination associated..."
"white matter: mild malformations of cortical development with..."
"In 2022, an updated proposed consensus classification of focal cortical dysplasia, which builds upon the existing 2011 classification, was published 3. This updated classification added the following pathological classifications: mild malformation of cortical development (mMCD), mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) and "no definite FCD on histopathology"."
"no definite FCD on histopathology"
"type III: cortical dyslamination associated..."
"white matter: mild malformations of cortical development with..."
"H&E stain and immunohistochemistry"
Expected headings
"Classification"
"Layered integrated diagnosis"
"It also introduced a novel multi-layered classification scheme combining histopathological diagnosis, genetic and neuroimaging findings to provide an integrated final diagnosis 3."
"d: adjacent to other lesions acquired in early life (e.g. stroke)"
"include technical specification (e.g. imaging protocol, sequence, magnet strength)"