"Radiographic features "
"Most cases of branch retinal artery occlusion are attributed to emboli, which are often directly visualised on ophthalmologic examination 1,2. Unlike with central retinal artery occlusion, giant cell arteritis is not considered a cause of branch retinal artery occlusion except when it is the cilioretinal artery that is involved 8. Non-embolic branch retinal artery occlusion may be related to small vessel disease mechanisms 9. In younger patients, additional considerations include Susac syndrome and hypercoagulable states 11. Branch retinal artery occlusion can also rarely be an iatrogenic complication of cosmetic facial filler injections 12."
"Acutely, central retinal artery occlusion should be considered similarly to ischaemic stroke. Unfortunately, no acute therapies are well proven for symptomatic branch retinal artery occlusion 1. However, given the risk of ischaemic stroke, patients with BRAO should be referred for urgent evaluation at a stroke centre 1. This evaluation may include include blood tests as well as imaging of the brain (MRI), carotid arteries (CTA, MRA, or Doppler US), and heart (echocardiography) 10."
"Acutely, central retinal artery occlusion should be considered similarly to ischaemic stroke. Unfortunately, no acute therapies are well proven for symptomatic branch retinal artery occlusion 1. However, given the risk of ischaemic stroke, patients with BRAO should be referred for urgent evaluation at a stroke centre 1. This evaluation may include include blood tests as well as imaging of the brain (MRI), carotid arteries (CTA, MRA, or Doppler US), and heart (echocardiography) 10."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Radiographic features "
"Fluorescein angiography"
"Optical coherence tomography"
"MRI"