"Ultrasound is a valuable tool for demonstrating cases of lymphatic filariasis. Real-time ultrasound may sometimes show a rigorous movement of the adult worm, an appearance labelled as the "filarial dance." Mixed red-blue colour Doppler signals are non-rhythmic, non-pulsatile, and possess a characteristic pulse Doppler trace due to irregular worm movement."
"Breast filariasis describes filariasis, a parasitic infestation commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, of the breast."
"Clinically presents as a unilateral painless lump in the breast often associated with redness of the overlying skin. Most often the lesions are seen involving the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Sometimes, the skin over the nodule may be hyperaemic with changes of peau d'orange, and the axillary nodes may be enlarged."
"The larvae enter the lymphatic vessels causing lymphangitis, fibrosis and disruption of lymphatic drainage. Hyperaemia and subdermal lymphatic damage lead to the peau d’orange appearance of the breast more commonly associated with malignancies and may cause a clinical dilemma in the diagnosis."
"History and etymology"