"When an electron falls (cascades) from the L-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-alpha x-ray. Similarly, when an electron falls from the M-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-beta x-ray1. However, it is possible to have M-L transitions and so on but their likelihood is so low they can be safely ignored. Besides, the energy of L-shell characteristic rays are too low for diagnostic X-ray use and are generally attenuated by the inherent filtration of the x-ray tube3."
"When an electron falls (cascades) from the L-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-alpha x-ray. Similarly, when an electron falls from the M-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-beta x-ray1. However, it is possible to have M-L transitions and so on but their likelihood is so low they can be safely ignored. Besides, the energy of L-shell characteristic rays are too low for diagnostic X-ray use and are generally attenuated by the inherent filtration of the x-ray tube3."
"Characteristic radiation is a type of energy emission relevant for X-ray production. As opposed to the continuous spectrum of bremsstrahlung radiation, characteristic radiation is represented by a line spectrum. As each element has a specific arrangement of electrons at discrete energy levels (dependent on the composition of the nucleus). Therefore, it can be appreciated that the radiation produced from such interactions is 'characteristic' of the element involved."
"When an electron falls (cascades) from the L-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-alpha x-ray. Similarly, when an electron falls from the M-shell to the K-shell, the x-ray emitted is called a K-beta x-ray1. However, it is possible to have M-L transitions and so on but their likelihood is so low they can be safely ignored. Besides, the energy of L-shell characteristic rays are too low for diagnostic X-ray use and are generally attenuated by the inherent filtration of the x-ray tube3."
"If the kVp of the X-ray tube is less than 69.5 keV, the binding energy of the tungsten K-shell, no K-shell characteristic radiation is produced. When the kV exceeds 69.5 keV, this characteristic radiation may contribute up to 25% of total X-rays produced 3."
"If the kVp of the X-ray tube is less than 69.5 keV, the binding energy of the tungsten K-shell, no K-shell characteristic radiation is produced. When the kV exceeds 69.5 keV, this characteristic radiation may contribute up to 25% of total X-rays produced 3."
"The efficiency of X-ray production is governed by major factors such as kVp, current, exposure time, atomic number of the anode material, and beam filtration 3."
Expected headings
"Production"
"In a tungsten target, electron transitions from the L-shell to the K-shell to produce x-rays photons with energies of 57.98 and 59.32 keV. These two energy levels are due to the Pauli exclusion principle which states that no two particles of half-integer spin (such as electrons) in an atom can occupy exactly the same energy state at the same time; therefore the K-shell represents two different energy states, the L-shell eight states and so on."