"Subatomic particle with a mass of 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg (~0.0005 relative mass to proton)."
"Carries a -1 charge (-1.6 × 10⁻19 C)."
"In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons."
"Excitation: When an inner shell electron absorbs external energy, it moves to a higher energy level."
"Relaxation: The electron returns to its original shell, releasing a characteristic photon with an energy unique to the element."
"It was J. J. Thomson, English physicist (Nobel Prize, 1906) who discovered the electron in 1897."
"The first to measure the electric charge of a single electron (the Millikan oil drop experiment) was the American physicist Robert Millikan, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 5."
"Excitation: When an inner shell electron absorbs external energy, it moves to a higher energy level."
"Relaxation: The electron returns to its original shell, releasing a characteristic photon with an energy unique to the element."
"Electrons are fundamental subatomic particles involved in various atomic processes, including those relevant to X-ray production and interactions with matter."
"For practical purposes in radiology, K, L, and M shells are most relevant, as they are involved in characteristic X-ray production and photoelectric interactions."
"This process underlies X-ray fluorescence and the production of characteristic X-rays, which are crucial in radiology."
"This process underlies X-ray fluorescence and the production of characteristic X-rays, which are crucial in radiology."
"Subatomic particle with a mass of 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg (~0.0005 relative mass to proton)."
"Excitation: When an inner shell electron absorbs external energy, it moves to a higher energy level."
"Relaxation: The electron returns to its original shell, releasing a characteristic photon with an energy unique to the element."
"In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons."
"Electrons occupy discrete energy levels or shells, arranged from the innermost to the outermost:"
"K-shell → Holds 2 electrons"
"L-shell → Holds 8 electrons"
"M-shell → Holds 18 electrons"
"N-shell → Holds 32 electrons"
"O-shell → Holds 50 electrons"
"Each shell consists of subshells, influencing electron behaviour and distribution, following the Aufbau principle."
"Each shell consists of subshells, influencing electron behaviour and distribution, following the Aufbau principle."
"For practical purposes in radiology, K, L, and M shells are most relevant, as they are involved in characteristic X-ray production and photoelectric interactions."
"Excitation: When an inner shell electron absorbs external energy, it moves to a higher energy level."
"Excitation: When an inner shell electron absorbs external energy, it moves to a higher energy level."
"It was J. J. Thomson, English physicist (Nobel Prize, 1906) who discovered the electron in 1897."
Expected headings
"Properties"
"Electron shells and configuration"
"Valence shell and elemental properties"
"Electron excitation"