"In all three types the ureter is enlarged (>7 mm) 2 sometimes markedly so. On all modalities able to visualise the ureter (CT, US, MRI, IVP) it appears as a tubular structure usually posterior to the bladder 4."
"In obstructive primary megaureter the ureter tapers to a short segment of normal calibre or narrowed distal ureter, usually just above the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ). The distal ureter above this narrowed segment is most dilated (similar to achalasia). There is associated hydronephrosis, and active peristaltic waves can be seen on ultrasound."
"In refluxing primary megaureter, vesicoureteric reflux is demonstrated (see vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) )"
"In non-refluxing unobstructed primary megaureter, there is absent or only a minor degree of hydronephrosis. Although rare, a congenital megaureter may co-exist with congenital megacalyces 1, making the assessment of hydronephrosis more difficult."
Expected headings
"Obstructive primary megaureter"
"Refluxing primary megaureter"
"Non-refluxing unobstructed primary megaureter"
"A congenital (primary) megaureter encompasses causes of an enlarged ureter which are intrinsic to the ureter, rather than as a result of a more distal abnormality; e.g. bladder, urethra (see secondary megaureter). It includes:"
"In all three types of megaureter, patients are often asymptomatic. Symptoms, when present, are usually arise from complications due to urinary stasis (e.g. urinary sepsis and nephrolithiasis)."
"In obstructive primary megaureter the ureter tapers to a short segment of normal calibre or narrowed distal ureter, usually just above the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ). The distal ureter above this narrowed segment is most dilated (similar to achalasia). There is associated hydronephrosis, and active peristaltic waves can be seen on ultrasound."