"Of note, bladder outflow obstruction (or simply a very full bladder) may result in a bilaterally prominent pelvicalyceal system. This can be assessed by rescanning the kidneys post-void to assess for change in the degree of pelvicalyceal dilatation."
"The term hydroureteronephrosis (or hydronephroureterosis) may be used when the dilatation occurs in the presence of hydroureter."
"The term hydroureteronephrosis (or hydronephroureterosis) may be used when the dilatation occurs in the presence of hydroureter."
"SFU grading system"
"Onen grading system"
"European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) system"
"All hydronephrosis grading systems are controversial in terms of their intra- and inter-observer reliability 3."
"A nuclear medicine diuretic renogram may be performed to assess for obstruction of urine and differentiate from other causes such as an extra-renal pelvis or parapelvic cysts."
Expected headings
"Classification"
"There is no current (c. 2021) preferred or consensus classification system, with a number in use 2:"
"Ultrasound imaging of hydronephrosis will demonstrate a dilated pelvicalyceal system. The severity is often classified into mild, moderate or severe hydronephrosis. Thinning of the renal cortex in the context of hydronephrosis usually implies chronicity."