"Calculator: renal volume"
"The kidney develops in the pelvis but assumes its normal cranial abdominal location in adults due to disproportionate growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions 8-9."
"Calculator: renal volume"
"The kidney has a fibrous capsule, which is surrounded by perirenal fat. The kidney itself can be divided into renal parenchyma, consisting of renal cortex and medulla, and the renal sinus containing renal pelvis, calyces, renal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and perirenal fat."
"The renal parenchyma has two layers: cortex and medulla. The renal cortex lies peripherally under the capsule while the renal medulla consists of 10-14 renal pyramids, which are separated from each other by an inward extension of the renal cortex called renal columns."
"The renal parenchyma has two layers: cortex and medulla. The renal cortex lies peripherally under the capsule while the renal medulla consists of 10-14 renal pyramids, which are separated from each other by an inward extension of the renal cortex called renal columns."
"The renal parenchyma has two layers: cortex and medulla. The renal cortex lies peripherally under the capsule while the renal medulla consists of 10-14 renal pyramids, which are separated from each other by an inward extension of the renal cortex called renal columns."
"The renal parenchyma has two layers: cortex and medulla. The renal cortex lies peripherally under the capsule while the renal medulla consists of 10-14 renal pyramids, which are separated from each other by an inward extension of the renal cortex called renal columns."
"Urine is produced in the renal lobes, which consists of the renal pyramid with the associated overlying renal cortex and adjacent renal columns. Each renal lobe drains at a papilla into a minor calyx, four or five of these unite to form a major calyx. Each kidney normally has two or three major calyces, which unite to form the renal pelvis."
"Urine is produced in the renal lobes, which consists of the renal pyramid with the associated overlying renal cortex and adjacent renal columns. Each renal lobe drains at a papilla into a minor calyx, four or five of these unite to form a major calyx. Each kidney normally has two or three major calyces, which unite to form the renal pelvis."
"Urine is produced in the renal lobes, which consists of the renal pyramid with the associated overlying renal cortex and adjacent renal columns. Each renal lobe drains at a papilla into a minor calyx, four or five of these unite to form a major calyx. Each kidney normally has two or three major calyces, which unite to form the renal pelvis."
"The renal hilum is the entry to the renal sinus and lies vertically at the anteromedial aspect of the kidney. It contains the renal vessels and nerves, fat and the renal pelvis, which typically emerges posterior to the renal vessels, with the renal vein being anterior to the renal artery."
Expected headings
"Size and volume"
"The kidney is bean-shaped with a superior and an inferior pole, anterior and posterior surfaces, and lateral and medial borders. The midportion of the kidney is often called the midpole."
"The kidney has a fibrous capsule, which is surrounded by perirenal fat. The kidney itself can be divided into renal parenchyma, consisting of renal cortex and medulla, and the renal sinus containing renal pelvis, calyces, renal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and perirenal fat."
"Urine is produced in the renal lobes, which consists of the renal pyramid with the associated overlying renal cortex and adjacent renal columns. Each renal lobe drains at a papilla into a minor calyx, four or five of these unite to form a major calyx. Each kidney normally has two or three major calyces, which unite to form the renal pelvis."
"The renal hilum is the entry to the renal sinus and lies vertically at the anteromedial aspect of the kidney. It contains the renal vessels and nerves, fat and the renal pelvis, which typically emerges posterior to the renal vessels, with the renal vein being anterior to the renal artery."
"regulation of body fluid volume, osmolality and pH"
"parasympathetic innervation: vagus nerve via the coeliac, renal and aorticorenal plexuses"
"The ureteric bud penetrates the metanephric mesoderm, which forms as a cup-shaped tissue cap. The ureteric bud dilates and subdivides to form twelve or so generations of tubules with the first generations fusing to form the renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and renal pyramids with the later generations forming approximately a million renal tubules 15."
"The kidney has a fibrous capsule, which is surrounded by perirenal fat. The kidney itself can be divided into renal parenchyma, consisting of renal cortex and medulla, and the renal sinus containing renal pelvis, calyces, renal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and perirenal fat."
"Under the regulation of complex signalling pathways, the ureteric bud incites the metanephric tissue to form small renal vesicles that eventually form primitive S-nephrons which are invaginated by endothelial cells from nearby angioblasts; before going on to form the definitive nephron 15. Glomerular filtration begins at 9th week of gestation. Nephron development is complete at birth except in premature infants. The kidney matures functionally after birth 15."