"The sacral portion of the parasympathetic nervous system arises from the grey matter of the sacral segments of the spinal cord at the level of S2–S4. These preganglionic fibres form the pelvic splanchnic nerves which synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus. Some fibres pass through this plexus to the inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses. Postganglionic fibres distribute through the structures of the hindgut and urogenital organs."
"The parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS/PNS), mediated by the head and neck ganglia and pelvic splanchnic nerves, is a major division of the autonomic nervous system. It is composed of general visceral afferent and efferent axons that allow for involuntary control of bodily functions via several cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord."
"The cranial portion of the parasympathetic nervous system arises from four cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem (see head and neck ganglia):"
"The sacral portion of the parasympathetic nervous system arises from the grey matter of the sacral segments of the spinal cord at the level of S2–S4. These preganglionic fibres form the pelvic splanchnic nerves which synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus. Some fibres pass through this plexus to the inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses. Postganglionic fibres distribute through the structures of the hindgut and urogenital organs."
"Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain contributes parasympathetic fibres to the oculomotor nerve that synapse at the ciliary ganglion; postganglionic fibres course in the short ciliary nerves to the ciliary body and sphincter pupillae, producing accommodation and pupillary constriction respectively"
Expected headings
"Gross anatomy"
"Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain contributes parasympathetic fibres to the oculomotor nerve that synapse at the ciliary ganglion; postganglionic fibres course in the short ciliary nerves to the ciliary body and sphincter pupillae, producing accommodation and pupillary constriction respectively"
"dorsal vagal nucleus in the medulla contributes parasympathetic fibres to the vagus nerve which synapse in the cardiac, renal, aorticorenal, coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses; postganglionic fibres distribute from these autonomic plexuses through the heart, oesophagus and lungs in the chest and most of the abdominal and pelvic viscera"
"postganglionic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion course with the greater superficial petrosal nerve of the facial nerve supplying secretomotor afferents to the lacrimal gland and mucosal glands in the nose, nasopharynx, sinuses and soft palate"
"dorsal vagal nucleus in the medulla contributes parasympathetic fibres to the vagus nerve which synapse in the cardiac, renal, aorticorenal, coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses; postganglionic fibres distribute from these autonomic plexuses through the heart, oesophagus and lungs in the chest and most of the abdominal and pelvic viscera"
"dorsal vagal nucleus in the medulla contributes parasympathetic fibres to the vagus nerve which synapse in the cardiac, renal, aorticorenal, coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses; postganglionic fibres distribute from these autonomic plexuses through the heart, oesophagus and lungs in the chest and most of the abdominal and pelvic viscera"