"The motor fibres originate in the upper part of the nucleus ambiguus in the rostral pons which receives bilateral supranuclear innervation from the corticobulbar fibres. This nucleus supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle."
"The autonomic parasympathetic fibres arise in the inferior salivary nucleus located in the dorsal pons. These fibres are carried in the lesser petrosal nerve via the tympanic branch to the otic ganglion. The postganglionic fibres are distributed to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"superior (jugular) ganglion: contains sensory neuronal cell bodies for fibres transmitting primarily general somatic sensation from a small region associated with the external ear."
"inferior (petrous) ganglion: contains sensory neuronal cell bodies for fibres carrying taste sensation and from the posterior one-third of the tongue; general/visceral sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region, and middle ear; and, visceral sensation (from the carotid sinus and carotid body."
"tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson; conducts general sensation and preganglionic parasympathetic neurones): exits the jugular foramen and then re-enters the skull through the tympanic canaliculus, reaching the tympanic cavity where it forms a plexus (the tympanic plexus). The tympanic plexus provides innervation to the middle ear cavity, including the inner surface of the tympanic membrane (the external surface is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and the greater auricular nerve). The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel from this plexus through a canal into the middle cranial fossa forming the lesser petrosal nerve; the neurones within the lesser petrosal nerve exit the cranium via the foramen ovale and synapses in the otic ganglion. Post-ganglionic fibres supply the parotid gland with secretomotor impulses via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"Glossopharyngeal ganglia "
"tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson; conducts general sensation and preganglionic parasympathetic neurones): exits the jugular foramen and then re-enters the skull through the tympanic canaliculus, reaching the tympanic cavity where it forms a plexus (the tympanic plexus). The tympanic plexus provides innervation to the middle ear cavity, including the inner surface of the tympanic membrane (the external surface is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and the greater auricular nerve). The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel from this plexus through a canal into the middle cranial fossa forming the lesser petrosal nerve; the neurones within the lesser petrosal nerve exit the cranium via the foramen ovale and synapses in the otic ganglion. Post-ganglionic fibres supply the parotid gland with secretomotor impulses via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"pharyngeal branches: are three or four filaments which unite, opposite the middle pharyngeal constrictor with the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and sympathetic nerves, to form the pharyngeal plexus: branches from this plexus perforate the muscular coat of the pharynx and supply its muscles and mucous membrane"
"The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX). It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral to the vagus nerve and has sensory, motor, and autonomic components (TA: nervus glossopharyngeus or nervus cranialis IX)."
"The sensory ganglion cells lie in the superior and inferior ganglia of the nerve, whose central processes pass to two nuclei:"
"The motor fibres originate in the upper part of the nucleus ambiguus in the rostral pons which receives bilateral supranuclear innervation from the corticobulbar fibres. This nucleus supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle."
"The autonomic parasympathetic fibres arise in the inferior salivary nucleus located in the dorsal pons. These fibres are carried in the lesser petrosal nerve via the tympanic branch to the otic ganglion. The postganglionic fibres are distributed to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"inferior (petrous) ganglion: contains sensory neuronal cell bodies for fibres carrying taste sensation and from the posterior one-third of the tongue; general/visceral sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region, and middle ear; and, visceral sensation (from the carotid sinus and carotid body."
"pharyngeal branches: are three or four filaments which unite, opposite the middle pharyngeal constrictor with the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and sympathetic nerves, to form the pharyngeal plexus: branches from this plexus perforate the muscular coat of the pharynx and supply its muscles and mucous membrane"
Expected headings
"Glossopharyngeal ganglia "
"Supply"
"There are four cranial nerve nuclei in the lower pons and medulla that contribute to the glossopharyngeal nerve:"
"There are a number of functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve:"
"inferior (petrous) ganglion: contains sensory neuronal cell bodies for fibres carrying taste sensation and from the posterior one-third of the tongue; general/visceral sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region, and middle ear; and, visceral sensation (from the carotid sinus and carotid body."
"inferior (petrous) ganglion: contains sensory neuronal cell bodies for fibres carrying taste sensation and from the posterior one-third of the tongue; general/visceral sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region, and middle ear; and, visceral sensation (from the carotid sinus and carotid body."
"tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson; conducts general sensation and preganglionic parasympathetic neurones): exits the jugular foramen and then re-enters the skull through the tympanic canaliculus, reaching the tympanic cavity where it forms a plexus (the tympanic plexus). The tympanic plexus provides innervation to the middle ear cavity, including the inner surface of the tympanic membrane (the external surface is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and the greater auricular nerve). The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel from this plexus through a canal into the middle cranial fossa forming the lesser petrosal nerve; the neurones within the lesser petrosal nerve exit the cranium via the foramen ovale and synapses in the otic ganglion. Post-ganglionic fibres supply the parotid gland with secretomotor impulses via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson; conducts general sensation and preganglionic parasympathetic neurones): exits the jugular foramen and then re-enters the skull through the tympanic canaliculus, reaching the tympanic cavity where it forms a plexus (the tympanic plexus). The tympanic plexus provides innervation to the middle ear cavity, including the inner surface of the tympanic membrane (the external surface is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve and the greater auricular nerve). The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel from this plexus through a canal into the middle cranial fossa forming the lesser petrosal nerve; the neurones within the lesser petrosal nerve exit the cranium via the foramen ovale and synapses in the otic ganglion. Post-ganglionic fibres supply the parotid gland with secretomotor impulses via the auriculotemporal nerve."
"lingual branches: are two in number; one supplies the vallate papillae and the mucous membrane covering the base of the tongue; the other supplies the mucous membrane and follicular glands of the posterior part of the tongue, and communicates with the lingual nerve"
"lingual branches: are two in number; one supplies the vallate papillae and the mucous membrane covering the base of the tongue; the other supplies the mucous membrane and follicular glands of the posterior part of the tongue, and communicates with the lingual nerve"
"carotid sinus nerve, or "Hering nerve": this branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve runs downwards anterior to the internal carotid artery, communicates with the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk, then divides in the angle of bifurcation of the common carotid artery to supply the carotid body and the carotid sinus; it carries impulses from the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus (concerned with blood pressure regulation) and from chemoreceptors in the carotid body (concerned with O2 pressure)"