"On average, the oesophagus is 22–24 cm long (from the upper to the lower oesophageal sphincter) 9, with a diameter of 1–2 cm. It is divided into three parts:"
"On average, the oesophagus is 22–24 cm long (from the upper to the lower oesophageal sphincter) 9, with a diameter of 1–2 cm. It is divided into three parts:"
"posteriorly: vertebral column; pre-vertebral fascia; descending aorta; thoracic duct (at thoracic plane); accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins (at T8/9)"
"T1: isointense to muscle"
"T2: hyperintense to muscle"
"middle third: azygos vein to SVC"
"Oesophageal Plexus"
"Schatzki ring"
"Oesophageal duplication"
"Oesophageal diverticulum"
Expected headings
"Oesophageal Plexus"
"Radiographic appearance"
"Fluoroscopy"
"Ultrasound"
"CT"
"MRI"
"Nuclear medicine"
"PET-CT"
"posteriorly: vertebral column; pre-vertebral fascia; descending aorta; thoracic duct (at thoracic plane); accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins (at T8/9)"
"posteriorly: vertebral column; pre-vertebral fascia; descending aorta; thoracic duct (at thoracic plane); accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins (at T8/9)"
"anteriorly: trachea (to T4/5); recurrent laryngeal nerves (in tracheo-oesophageal groove); left main bronchus; left atrium"
"anteriorly: trachea (to T4/5); recurrent laryngeal nerves (in tracheo-oesophageal groove); left main bronchus; left atrium"
"left lateral: lung; pleura; aorta; left subclavian artery; thoracic duct"
"left lateral: lung; pleura; aorta; left subclavian artery; thoracic duct"
"left lateral: lung; pleura; aorta; left subclavian artery; thoracic duct"
"left lateral: lung; pleura; aorta; left subclavian artery; thoracic duct"
"right lateral: lung; pleura; azygos vein"
"modified barium swallow is used to evaluate pharyngeal motility during swallowing; the procedure utilises barium of varying consistencies given by mouth with video recording of swallowing"
"barium swallow is the main radiological method of assessing the oesophagus; double contrast oesophagogram using CO2 gas-forming crystals and barium contrast are used to distend the oesophagus and coat the mucosa"
"This is an autonomic plexus which encircles the oesophagus inferior to the lung roots, which coordinates peristalsis through sensory and motor fibres derived predominantly from the vagus nerves as they approach the oesophagus. There is a smaller sympathetic component 8."
"The oesophagus is made up of four layers. There is no serosal layer. From outer to inner, these are:"