"post-instrumentation or post-thoracic surgery (most common: ~80% of cases) 3,4"
"spontaneous rupture post-vomiting (Boerhaave syndrome)"
"Mackler triad: chest pain, vomiting, and subcutaneous emphysema ("
"Anderson triad: subcutaneous emphysema, tachypnoea, abdominal rigidity"
"There is a high mortality rate, estimated between 25-50% in some series 1,4, which is significantly increased if the diagnosis is delayed beyond 24 hours 6."
"The rarity of this condition means that treatment is not well established and options include surgical or endoscopic stent placement vs. medical management 5,6,9."
Expected headings
"Fluoroscopy"
"Complications"
"pneumomediastinum, abnormal cardiomediastinal contour, pneumothorax and pleural effusion are all features, although non-specific, for oesophageal perforation 5"
"There is a high mortality rate, estimated between 25-50% in some series 1,4, which is significantly increased if the diagnosis is delayed beyond 24 hours 6."