"In the setting of trauma, if pneumomediastinum is visible on chest x-ray, it can be called overt pneumomediastinum, whereas if it is only visible on CT, then can be called occult pneumomediastinum 8."
"In the setting of trauma, if pneumomediastinum is visible on chest x-ray, it can be called overt pneumomediastinum, whereas if it is only visible on CT, then can be called occult pneumomediastinum 8."
"Valsalva manoeuvre"
"Mach bands"
"ventilator: most commonly secondary to ARDS with positive pressure ventilation"
"Tension pneumomediastinum is a life-threatening condition which compromises venous return to the heart by selectively compressing the lower pressure right heart chambers (tamponade). The trachea and bronchi can also be compressed and this can affect speech. Gas typically also spreads into the chest wall (and beyond), decreasing compliance and restricting lung ventilation. Any tracheobronchial injury can cause this phenomenon. Alternatively, alveolar rupture with a pressure gradient causing dissection of gas along the peribronchovascular interstitium to the mediastinum (Macklin effect) can cause tension pneumomediastinum. The pressure gradient is increased by coughing, asthma or mechanical ventilation. Tension pneumomediastinum can be fatal, causing cardiovascular collapse 17."