"T2: generally hyperintense signal throughout the affected muscles; calcific areas may be low signal; peri-muscular oedema may additionally appear as high signal; signal intensity may return to normal after treatment 4"
"increased ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels"
"anti-SAE"
"Upper GI contrast study is performed to assess for Dysphagia. Dysphagia is important complication as it can cause weight loss and aspiration pneumonia which can be fatal."
"T2: generally hyperintense signal throughout the affected muscles; calcific areas may be low signal; peri-muscular oedema may additionally appear as high signal; signal intensity may return to normal after treatment 4"
Expected headings
"Subtypes"
"Associations"
"Fluoroscopy"
"Barium swallow"
"There is a recognised female predilection. It has a bimodal age of presentation depending on the variant:"
"There is a sixfold increased risk of malignancy in dermatomyositis (cf. twofold in polymyositis) 8. Multiple risk factors for the development of malignancy have been identified 8:"
"There is cell-mediated injury targeted at striated muscle with resultant atrophy, oedema, coagulation necrosis, fibrosis and calcification. Additionally, it is thought that enhanced type 1 interferon signalling plays a critical role in its pathogenesis 12."
"The classic presentation is that of a myalgic symmetrical proximal myopathy with associated dermatological changes which includes a dusky-red rash over the face (e.g. heliotrope rash), arms, hands (e.g. Gottron papules), legs (e.g. holster sign) and other features (e.g. V sign and shawl sign) 10. Dysphagia, myalgia, fever and weight loss are other features 7."
"The classic presentation is that of a myalgic symmetrical proximal myopathy with associated dermatological changes which includes a dusky-red rash over the face (e.g. heliotrope rash), arms, hands (e.g. Gottron papules), legs (e.g. holster sign) and other features (e.g. V sign and shawl sign) 10. Dysphagia, myalgia, fever and weight loss are other features 7."
"There is cell-mediated injury targeted at striated muscle with resultant atrophy, oedema, coagulation necrosis, fibrosis and calcification. Additionally, it is thought that enhanced type 1 interferon signalling plays a critical role in its pathogenesis 12."
"elevated muscle enzymes (e.g. CK)"
"malignancy 1: can occur as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome (e.g. lung cancer)"
"T2: generally hyperintense signal throughout the affected muscles; calcific areas may be low signal; peri-muscular oedema may additionally appear as high signal; signal intensity may return to normal after treatment 4"
"T2: generally hyperintense signal throughout the affected muscles; calcific areas may be low signal; peri-muscular oedema may additionally appear as high signal; signal intensity may return to normal after treatment 4"
"T2: generally hyperintense signal throughout the affected muscles; calcific areas may be low signal; peri-muscular oedema may additionally appear as high signal; signal intensity may return to normal after treatment 4"