"CT "
Expected headings
"CT "
"Pulmonary interstitial emphysema almost always occurs during the first weeks of life in newborns on ventilatory support. Alveolar pressure increases in the setting of mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. A combination of increased pressure and poor compliance can result in alveolar rupture with the escape of air into the adjacent interstitium and lymphatics. This interstitial air may resolve spontaneously, persist chronically or progress with further air-leak into adjacent spaces, causing pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, pneumoperitoneum, or subcutaneous emphysema."
"Overall lung volumes are increased; however, the lungs are less compliant because they are splinted at a large volume by the air within the interstitium. This may further compromise the already critically ill child. Air-block complications of pulmonary interstitial emphysema such as pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and pneumopericardium can be fatal."
"partially treated respiratory distress syndrome (surfactant deficiency): partial clearing of collapsed alveoli may be seen with treatment of respiratory distress syndrome with exogenous surfactant; this pattern of alternating distended and collapsed alveoli can mimic pulmonary interstitial emphysema"
"bronchopulmonary dysplasia: similar bubble like lucencies; pulmonary interstitial emphysema typically occurs abruptly in the first week of life, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is more gradual and manifests later"
"congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM): typically present at birth; cysts are more variable in size and static on serial radiographs"
"congenital lobar emphysema: hyperlucent, hyperexpanded lobe; vessels may appear attenuated"
"Overall lung volumes are increased; however, the lungs are less compliant because they are splinted at a large volume by the air within the interstitium. This may further compromise the already critically ill child. Air-block complications of pulmonary interstitial emphysema such as pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and pneumopericardium can be fatal."
"Selective bronchial intubation, lobectomy and pneumonectomy are rarely used to treat progressive pulmonary interstitial emphysema 8."