"Pathology "
"Radiographic phases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia "
"Stage 4: > 1 month - enlargement of radiolucent areas; hyperinflation and cardiomegaly 17"
"the lungs may have relatively normal AP diameter on the lateral film"
"in chronic cases, the lateral film may show a much narrower AP diameter compared with the chest width on the frontal film"
"Stage 1: first 3 days - identical to respiratory distress syndrome i.e. generalised granular opacities and reduced lung volumes"
"Stage 2: 4 to 10 days - bilateral lung whiteout with air bronchograms; heart borders completely obscured by the lung density"
"Stage 3: 10 to 20 days - small rounded focal radiolucencies distributed throughout both lungs"
"Stage 4: > 1 month - enlargement of radiolucent areas; hyperinflation and cardiomegaly 17"
"Bronchiectatic changes are usually not considered a feature 4."
Expected headings
"Pathology "
"Aetiology"
"Radiographic phases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia "
"Before the introduction of surfactants and steroids, ventilation and oxygen toxicity led to airway injury, inflammation and fibrosis."
"Before the introduction of surfactants and steroids, ventilation and oxygen toxicity led to airway injury, inflammation and fibrosis."
"Stage 2: 4 to 10 days - bilateral lung whiteout with air bronchograms; heart borders completely obscured by the lung density"
"Stage 4: > 1 month - enlargement of radiolucent areas; hyperinflation and cardiomegaly 17"
"Infants who survive neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia often show a slow but continuous improvement in respiratory status. Young adult survivors who have had moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may have residual functional and characteristic structural pulmonary abnormalities; of these, the most notable is pulmonary emphysema 7."
"History and etymology"