Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension is considered if the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) is ≤15 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is ≥3 Wood units (WU), and mPAP is >20 mmHg ²⁹."

Line 5:12 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'Pre-capillary'.

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:12 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'Post-capillary'.

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:175 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-capillary'.

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:278 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'pre-'.

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:287 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-capillary'.

Citation Punctuation Sup

error

"By the time the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension is made, 90% of patients have an abnormal chest radiograph ^3, although sensitivity and specificity are low ¹². Features include ^11,29:"

Line 59:124 · Punctuation after citations should never be superscripted. '3,'

En Dash

error

"right ventricular dilatation (a right ventricle–to–left ventricle diameter ratio of more than 1:1 at the midventricular level on axial images)"

Line 163:55 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"right ventricular dilatation (a right ventricle–to–left ventricle diameter ratio of more than 1:1 at the midventricular level on axial images)"

Line 163:58 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

Strong

warning

"The use of the term pulmonary arterial hypertension is restricted to those with a haemodynamic profile in which high pulmonary pressure results from elevated precapillary pulmonary resistance and normal pulmonary venous pressure, measured as a pulmonary wedge pressure of ≤15 mmHg. This corresponds to the haemodynamic profiles of groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 in the Dana Point classification system, which was updated during the 5^th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH)."

Line 3:24 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'pulmonary arterial hypertension'

"Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension is considered if the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) is ≤15 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is ≥3 Wood units (WU), and mPAP is >20 mmHg ²⁹."

Line 5:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension'

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'Post-capillary pulmonary hypertensio'

"Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is now defined as mPAP >20 mmHg and PAWP >15 mmHg ²⁹. If the PVR is 3 WU, this is classified as isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and if the PVR is ≥3 WU, this is classified as combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension ²⁹."

Line 6:261 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension'

"group 5: pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms, e.g. haematological disorders; sarcoidosis; pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; neurofibromatosis type 1; metabolic disorders; chronic renal failure"

Line 45:34 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms'

Acronyms

warning

"The use of the term pulmonary arterial hypertension is restricted to those with a haemodynamic profile in which high pulmonary pressure results from elevated precapillary pulmonary resistance and normal pulmonary venous pressure, measured as a pulmonary wedge pressure of ≤15 mmHg. This corresponds to the haemodynamic profiles of groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 in the Dana Point classification system, which was updated during the 5^th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH)."

Line 3:502 · 'WSPH' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"At the 6^thWSPH, the threshold for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension was lowered to a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg ²⁹. Pressure during exercise is no longer part of the definition."

Line 4:26 · 'WSPH' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The WSPH/WHO classification grouping of pulmonary hypertension ²⁸ is considered the current (c.2024) classification ²⁹. There is a long list of subgroups, but the main entities include ²⁹:"

Line 39:8 · 'WSPH' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Since 1973, the World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) has led global efforts on research into pulmonary hypertension, including classification of the condition ²⁹ with several now historical classifications:"

Line 47:63 · 'WSPH' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"a right ventricle-to-left ventricle basal diameter ratio exceeding 1.0 (RV/LV ratio >1)"

Line 85:80 · 'RV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Accepted Abbreviations

warning

"The WSPH/WHO classification grouping of pulmonary hypertension ²⁸ is considered the current (c.2024) classification ²⁹. There is a long list of subgroups, but the main entities include ²⁹:"

Line 39:115 · Check the abbreviation form against the style guide: 'c.2024'.

Number Formatting

warning

"The WSPH/WHO classification grouping of pulmonary hypertension ²⁸ is considered the current (c.2024) classification ²⁹. There is a long list of subgroups, but the main entities include ²⁹:"

Line 39:116 · Check the number format against the style guide: '.2024'.

Latin

warning

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:208 · Use appropriate Latin forms: 'etc.' rather than 'etc'.

"group 3: pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia, e.g. COPD and/or emphysema; interstitial lung disease, etc"

Line 43:179 · Use appropriate Latin forms: 'etc.' rather than 'etc'.

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Echocardiography"

Line 69:1 · "Echocardiography" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Extracardiac vascular signs"

Line 120:1 · "Extracardiac vascular signs" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Cardiac signs"

Line 158:1 · "Cardiac signs" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Parenchymal signs"

Line 173:1 · "Parenchymal signs" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Mediastinal signs"

Line 184:1 · "Mediastinal signs" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Commas

suggestion

"drugs and toxins, e.g. aminorex (withdrawn from the market), benfluorex, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, toxic rapeseed oil, methamphetamines ^3,29"

Line 11:24 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.

Semicolons

suggestion

"On right heart catheterisation, a resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≤20 mmHg is considered normal; when >20 mmHg, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension can be made ²⁹, requiring further investigation of the clinical disease course."

Line 17:111 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:82 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:93 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:127 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:170 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension, e.g. idiopathic; heritable; associated with drugs and toxins; associated with connective tissue disease; HIV infection; portal hypertension, etc"

Line 41:185 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 2: pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease, e.g. heart failure; valvular heart disease"

Line 42:111 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 3: pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia, e.g. COPD and/or emphysema; interstitial lung disease, etc"

Line 43:143 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 5: pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms, e.g. haematological disorders; sarcoidosis; pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; neurofibromatosis type 1; metabolic disorders; chronic renal failure"

Line 45:150 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 5: pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms, e.g. haematological disorders; sarcoidosis; pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; neurofibromatosis type 1; metabolic disorders; chronic renal failure"

Line 45:170 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 5: pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms, e.g. haematological disorders; sarcoidosis; pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; neurofibromatosis type 1; metabolic disorders; chronic renal failure"

Line 45:218 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"group 5: pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms, e.g. haematological disorders; sarcoidosis; pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis; neurofibromatosis type 1; metabolic disorders; chronic renal failure"

Line 45:251 · Use semicolons judiciously.

">29 mm diameter is often used as a general predictive cut-off ^6,10,11,19; however, a 2011 study suggests ⁷:"

Line 126:87 · Use semicolons judiciously.

There Is

suggestion

"Pulmonary hypertension can result from either increased pulmonary venous resistance (most common) or increased pulmonary arterial flow, such as with a left-to-right shunt ². There are numerous known causes, including:"

Line 22:189 · Don't start a sentence with 'There are'.

"The WSPH/WHO classification grouping of pulmonary hypertension ²⁸ is considered the current (c.2024) classification ²⁹. There is a long list of subgroups, but the main entities include ²⁹:"

Line 39:153 · Don't start a sentence with 'There is'.

Parentheses

suggestion

"The ventricles (category A), pulmonary artery (category B), and right atrium and inferior vena cava (category C) may reveal suggestive findings of increased pressure/volume (a category is "positive" when one or more of the following findings are present)."

Line 82:19 · Use parentheses judiciously. There are at least 3 sets in this paragraph.

Inline EG

suggestion

"High-resolution CT (HRCT) chest is indispensable for assessing the lung parenchyma and identifying possible causative processes (e.g. interstitial lung disease, COPD)."

Line 116:139 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Lint: pulmonary-hypertension-1