"In a majority of patients (70-85%), the tricuspid regurgitation is considered 'functional' (or 'secondary'), where it is caused by dilatation of the annulus as a result of increased pulmonary and right ventricular pressures 2-4. In the remaining 15–30% of patients, it may be organic (or 'primary') and related to direct involvement of the tricuspid valve 2-4. Furthermore, tricuspid regurgitation in isolation is very rare; it is more often found in association with other valvular disease, especially mitral valve disease 2."
"The degree of tricuspid regurgitation may be calculated in terms of regurgitant volume and fraction in similar ways to mitral regurgitation - i.e. subtraction of the forward stroke volume (as measured in the pulmonary artery with phase contrast) from the total right ventricular stroke volume (obtained from SSFP images) 9,12,13."
"Ebstein anomaly"
Expected headings
"Ultrasound: echocardiography"
"Ancillary features"
"Complications"
"Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), also known as tricuspid valve insufficiency or tricuspid valve incompetence (TI), is a valvulopathy that describes leaking of the tricuspid valve (TV) during systole that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction from the right ventricle (RV) into the right atrium (RA)."
"In a majority of patients (70-85%), the tricuspid regurgitation is considered 'functional' (or 'secondary'), where it is caused by dilatation of the annulus as a result of increased pulmonary and right ventricular pressures 2-4. In the remaining 15–30% of patients, it may be organic (or 'primary') and related to direct involvement of the tricuspid valve 2-4. Furthermore, tricuspid regurgitation in isolation is very rare; it is more often found in association with other valvular disease, especially mitral valve disease 2."
"The tricuspid valve may be consistently visualised in the right ventricle modified parasternal long axis, apical 4 chamber, and right ventricular inflow-outflow views; only the modified parasternal long axis allows visualisation of the posterior valve leaflet. Apical views"
"congenital abnormalities (e.g. Ebstein anomaly)"
"connective tissue disorders (e.g. Marfan syndrome)"
"drug-induced disease (e.g. exposure to phentermine or fenfluramine)"