Radiopaedia Helpers

Approximation Spacing

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"O/E LHR 15-25% (severe pulmonary hypoplasia): predicted survival ≈ 15%"

Line 115:73 · No space after an approximation symbol: '≈ 1'.

List Caps

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"Bochdalek hernia"

Line 12:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Morgagni hernia"

Line 23:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"O/E LHR"

Line 114:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"O/E LHR 15-25% (severe pulmonary hypoplasia): predicted survival ≈ 15%"

Line 115:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"O/E LHR 26-45% (moderate pulmonary hypoplasia): predicted survival 30-75%"

Line 116:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"O/E LHR >45% (mild pulmonary hypoplasia): very likely to survive"

Line 117:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Acronyms

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"mnemonic: BBBBB"

Line 19:21 · 'BBBBB' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"T2 weighted half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) "

Line 136:78 · 'HASTE' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"MRI allows the measurement of fetal lung volumes which provide an estimate of the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia. The total fetal lung volume (TFLV) can be calculated from a contiguous T2-weighted HASTE sequence and an observed-to-expected TFLV (O/E TFLV) derived. It has been found to predict well both mortality and morbidity, including the need for ECMO and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ^14,15."

Line 141:203 · 'HASTE' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"MRI allows the measurement of fetal lung volumes which provide an estimate of the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia. The total fetal lung volume (TFLV) can be calculated from a contiguous T2-weighted HASTE sequence and an observed-to-expected TFLV (O/E TFLV) derived. It has been found to predict well both mortality and morbidity, including the need for ECMO and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ^14,15."

Line 141:361 · 'ECMO' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Large CDH have a poor prognosis, due to pulmonary hypoplasia and perinatal mortality may be as high as 80%. Successful management is dependent on specialist paediatric facilities, with the ability to offer surgery, ECMO etc."

Line 144:219 · 'ECMO' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"A composite prognostic index (CDH-CPI) comprising 10 prenatal parameters has been developed and was found to have a stronger correlation with survival and need for ECMO than any one parameter individually ¹⁶."

Line 158:168 · 'ECMO' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"cardiac dysfunction: RV, LV or combined"

Line 167:29 · 'RV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Strong

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"Lung-head ratio: can be assessed on both ultrasound or MRI; MRI measured LHR has been found to have a slightly higher prognostic accuracy than with ultrasound ⁵."

Line 140:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Lung-head ratio</strong>'

Prefix Hyphens

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"intra-thoracic liver"

Line 150:8 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'intra-thoracic'.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Types"

Line 8:1 · "Types" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Associations"

Line 31:1 · "Associations" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"Complications"

Line 160:1 · "Complications" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Treatment and prognosis").

Semicolons

suggestion

"intrathoracic herniation of the liver; noted in up to 85% of cases and is associated with a worse prognosis"

Line 84:45 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Lung-head ratio: can be assessed on both ultrasound or MRI; MRI measured LHR has been found to have a slightly higher prognostic accuracy than with ultrasound ⁵."

Line 140:79 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"lungs appear hyperintense (composed primarily of water) while heart, mediastinum and liver appear hypointense"

Line 137:74 · Use the Oxford comma in 'heart, mediastinum and liver'.

"cardiac dysfunction: RV, LV or combined"

Line 167:29 · Use the Oxford comma in 'RV, LV or combined'.

Lint: congenital-diaphragmatic-hernia-1