"Hyrtl fissure 5"
Expected headings
"Traumatic"
"Non-traumatic"
"There are a number of underlying causes (see below), and thus, no specific demographic is affected."
"labyrinthine malformation (e.g., cochlear incomplete partition with stapes footplate deformity)"
"A variety of surgical options, either through the mastoid, middle ear or middle cranial fossa, are available that can be combined to maximise successful closure rates, including the use of bone wax, free muscle or facial/pericranial/bone grafts, Oxycel cotton, and fibrin glue 11,13. These may be combined with sealing of the eustachian tube, tympanic sinus entrance and external auditory canal 12."