Radiopaedia Helpers

Headings Spacing

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"Ultrasound "

Line 43:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

"MRI "

Line 61:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

En Dash

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"excise low-risk tumours with 4–6 mm margins; use Mohs surgery for high-risk areas (face, ears) or recurrent tumours ⁹"

Line 85:38 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

Eponym Apostrophe

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"Histologically, it is characterised by nests, sheets, or cords of atypical squamous cells invading the dermis. Tumour cells exhibit eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei, and intercellular bridges. Keratin pearls and individual cell keratinisation are hallmark features ⁴. Poorly differentiated cSCC shows minimal keratinisation and marked nuclear pleomorphism. The tumour often originates in sun-damaged skin, evidenced by adjacent solar elastosis. Actinic keratosis or Bowen's disease may be present as precursor lesions ^4,5. Perineural invasion, when present, indicates aggressive behaviour. Tumour depth (>6 mm) and poor differentiation are important prognostic factors ⁶."

Line 35:503 · Radiopaedia prefers the non-possessive eponym: 'Bowen's disease'.

Colons

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"positive: CK5/6, p40, p63 (squamous differentiation markers)"

Line 38:16 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': CK5/6, p40'.

"negative: BerEP4 (helps distinguish from basal cell carcinoma)"

Line 39:16 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': BerEP4 (helps'.

Acronyms

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"p16: often lost in UV-related cSCC (unlike Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck SCC)"

Line 40:27 · 'UV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"p16: often lost in UV-related cSCC (unlike Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck SCC)"

Line 40:101 · 'SCC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"start immunotherapy (cemiplimab/pembrolizumab) for metastatic/unresectable cSCC; reserve chemotherapy (cisplatin/5-FU) for refractory cases"

Line 87:130 · 'FU' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

List Caps

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"High-risk features:"

Line 68:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Radiologic features"

Line 42:1 · "Radiologic features" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Ultrasound "

Line 43:1 · "Ultrasound " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"CT"

Line 48:1 · "CT" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Radiologic features").

"MRI "

Line 61:1 · "MRI " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"PET-CT"

Line 75:1 · "PET-CT" should be H3, not H2.

Oxford Comma

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"gold standard: skin biopsy (shave, punch or excisional) with histopathology ³"

Line 6:36 · Use the Oxford comma in 'shave, punch or excisional'.

"advanced/locally invasive: loss of normal tissue planes, possible perineural, cartilage or bone involvement"

Line 46:74 · Use the Oxford comma in 'perineural, cartilage or bone'.

Inline EG

suggestion

"perineural spread: nerve thickening and enhancement (e.g. facial nerve branches)"

Line 70:60 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

"immunosuppression (e.g. transplant patients)"

Line 99:33 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

"survival rates are generally lower for immunosuppressed patients (e.g. transplant recipients)"

Line 112:73 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Semicolons

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"excise low-risk tumours with 4–6 mm margins; use Mohs surgery for high-risk areas (face, ears) or recurrent tumours ⁹"

Line 85:51 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"start immunotherapy (cemiplimab/pembrolizumab) for metastatic/unresectable cSCC; reserve chemotherapy (cisplatin/5-FU) for refractory cases"

Line 87:94 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"melanoma: more likely to metastasise; may have similar nodal involvement"

Line 105:51 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: cutaneous-squamous-cell-carcinoma