"Bony coverage (d:D ratio)"
"A single AP radiograph is the most appropriate examination in children where femoral head ossification has occurred, e.g. over 1 year old. A frog-leg lateral view does not add additional information but does double the radiation dose 15."
"open reduction (ORIF): much older patients or if closed reduction is not successful 10"
"Pavlik harness: usually for younger patients (less than 6 months of age) 18"
Expected headings
"Alpha angle"
"Beta angle"
"Bony coverage (d:D ratio)"
"Unlike congenital dislocation of the hip, developmental dysplasia of the hip is not confined to congenital malformations and includes perturbations in development 12. There is a clear female predominance, and it usually occurs from ligamentous laxity and abnormal position in utero. Therefore, it is more common in oligohydramniotic pregnancies. This article describes the commonly used radiographic measurements and lines involved in developmental dysplasia of the hip."
"The reported incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip varies between 1.5-20 per 1000 births 1,18, with the majority (~75%; range 60-90%) of abnormal hips resolving spontaneously within 2-12 weeks 1,18 (so-called immature hip)."
"Other risk factors include: firstborn baby, oligohydramnios, congenital musculoskeletal abnormalilties (e.g. metatarsus adductus, spina bifida), and tight swaddling 1,4,9,18."