"Kussmaul respiration (deep and laboured breathing)"
"dehydration (e.g. manifesting as postural hypotension, tachycardia, xerostomia)"
"Diabetic ketoacidosis usually occurs in type 1 diabetic patients and is commonly precipitated by inadequate or discontinuation of insulin therapy, or infection (often urinary tract infection or pneumonia). Other precipitating factors include alcohol intoxication, glucocorticoids, ischaemia or infarction, or an intra-abdominal process (e.g. pancreatitis or cholecystitis). These lead to insulin deficiency due to increased counter-regulatory hormones. This triggers unrestricted hepatic glucose production causing hyperglycaemia, and can also trigger lipolysis and subsequent ketogenesis. Both hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia cause osmotic diuresis, dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis 4."
"Diabetic ketoacidosis usually occurs in type 1 diabetic patients and is commonly precipitated by inadequate or discontinuation of insulin therapy, or infection (often urinary tract infection or pneumonia). Other precipitating factors include alcohol intoxication, glucocorticoids, ischaemia or infarction, or an intra-abdominal process (e.g. pancreatitis or cholecystitis). These lead to insulin deficiency due to increased counter-regulatory hormones. This triggers unrestricted hepatic glucose production causing hyperglycaemia, and can also trigger lipolysis and subsequent ketogenesis. Both hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia cause osmotic diuresis, dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis 4."
"Cerebral oedema occurs in about 0.5-1% of paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. It is also the most common neuroimaging finding associated with paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis 5-7. Neuroimaging (CT or MRI) may demonstrate effacement of the sulci and basilar cisternal spaces, compression and decreased the size of the cerebral ventricles, and reduction of grey and white matter differentiation 8."
"Other possible neuroimaging findings include focal infarction, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, extrapontine myelinolysis, and sinovenous thrombosis 9."