"Femoral anteversion averages between 30–40° at birth, and between 8–14° in adults 1, with males having a slightly less femoral anteversion than females 2."
"Femoral anteversion averages between 30–40° at birth, and between 8–14° in adults 1, with males having a slightly less femoral anteversion than females 2."
"Some authors will distinguish femoral neck version as the angle of the femoral neck relative to the pelvic horizontal (interischial line), with a normal range of 5–25° of anteversion 3 and femoral neck torsion as the angle between the femoral neck and posterior condylar axis of the distal femur, with a normal range of 10–20° of antetorsion 4."
"Some authors will distinguish femoral neck version as the angle of the femoral neck relative to the pelvic horizontal (interischial line), with a normal range of 5–25° of anteversion 3 and femoral neck torsion as the angle between the femoral neck and posterior condylar axis of the distal femur, with a normal range of 10–20° of antetorsion 4."
"Actually describing the intrinsic rotation of the femur over its length from the hip to the knee, femoral anteversion may also be more aptly termed femoral antetorsion."
"Some authors will distinguish femoral neck version as the angle of the femoral neck relative to the pelvic horizontal (interischial line), with a normal range of 5–25° of anteversion 3 and femoral neck torsion as the angle between the femoral neck and posterior condylar axis of the distal femur, with a normal range of 10–20° of antetorsion 4."
"Some authors will distinguish femoral neck version as the angle of the femoral neck relative to the pelvic horizontal (interischial line), with a normal range of 5–25° of anteversion 3 and femoral neck torsion as the angle between the femoral neck and posterior condylar axis of the distal femur, with a normal range of 10–20° of antetorsion 4."
"Femoral anteversion can be determined by measuring the angle formed between the long axis of the femoral neck and a line parallel to the dorsal aspect of the femoral condyles (posterior condylar axis, or PCA) on axial slices at MRI or CT."
"An increased femoral anteversion is often seen in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip 5. Moreover, it has been shown that abnormal femoral anteversion can contribute to the development of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI); reduced femoral anteversion is associated with cam-type FAI 6."
"Depending on the measuring tools available this can be done either directly by measuring the anteversion angle over two different axial slices at once (one at hip level and one at knee level) or by taking two separate angle measurements using a horizontal line as a static reference on either slice and subsequently adding or subtracting the resulting angles, depending on their orientation in the same direction (e.g. both measurements clockwise > subtract) or in different directions (e.g. femoral neck measurement anticlockwise and condyle measurement clockwise > add)."
"History and etymology"