"Gradenigo syndrome was first described in 1907 by Giuseppe Conte Gradenigo (1859-1926), an Italian otolaryngologist 2,3."
"The syndrome typically arises as a consequence of chronic suppurative otitis media spreading to the petrous apex of the temporal bone, resulting in petrous apicitis. The trigeminal ganglion and abducens nerve lie in close proximity to the petrous apex, within Meckel cave and the Dorello canal respectively. Extradural inflammation due to petrous apicitis may therefore affect these nearby structures and give rise to the classical symptoms of Gradenigo syndrome 4. Common pathogens are Pseudomonas and Enterococcus spp."