"post-dural puncture headache"
"The transducer should then be moved laterally, rotating the lateral end of the transducer slightly cephalad to assume an oblique position parallel to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle 4. The more superficial semispinalis capitis muscle should then be identified; the greater occipital nerve is located in the fascial plane between, and should appear ovoid and uniformly hypoechoic 3. Colour or power Doppler should be used to ensure the identified structure does not represent a blood vessel. Care should be taken to identify the vertebral artery which is typically found coursing laterally and deep to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, as well as the more medial dorsal root ganglion of C2."
"After appropriate skin cleansing and equipment preparation, a 5 cm needle is inserted at the medial or lateral margin of the transducer and the tip advanced in-plane into the intramuscular fascial plane 6. After a negative aspiration test 3–5 mL of local anaesthetic is slowly injected, ensuring characteristic and appropriate distention of the fascial plane and circumferential spread around the nerve."
"The transducer should then be moved laterally, rotating the lateral end of the transducer slightly cephalad to assume an oblique position parallel to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle 4. The more superficial semispinalis capitis muscle should then be identified; the greater occipital nerve is located in the fascial plane between, and should appear ovoid and uniformly hypoechoic 3. Colour or power Doppler should be used to ensure the identified structure does not represent a blood vessel. Care should be taken to identify the vertebral artery which is typically found coursing laterally and deep to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, as well as the more medial dorsal root ganglion of C2."
"The transducer should then be moved laterally, rotating the lateral end of the transducer slightly cephalad to assume an oblique position parallel to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle 4. The more superficial semispinalis capitis muscle should then be identified; the greater occipital nerve is located in the fascial plane between, and should appear ovoid and uniformly hypoechoic 3. Colour or power Doppler should be used to ensure the identified structure does not represent a blood vessel. Care should be taken to identify the vertebral artery which is typically found coursing laterally and deep to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, as well as the more medial dorsal root ganglion of C2."
Expected headings
"Positioning/room set up"
"Approaches at the level of the superior nuchal line and at the level of C2 have been described 5; the following discussion will describe the performance of the latter technique."
"The transducer should then be moved laterally, rotating the lateral end of the transducer slightly cephalad to assume an oblique position parallel to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle 4. The more superficial semispinalis capitis muscle should then be identified; the greater occipital nerve is located in the fascial plane between, and should appear ovoid and uniformly hypoechoic 3. Colour or power Doppler should be used to ensure the identified structure does not represent a blood vessel. Care should be taken to identify the vertebral artery which is typically found coursing laterally and deep to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, as well as the more medial dorsal root ganglion of C2."