"Hereditary multiple exostoses is thought to result from EXT1, EXT2, or EXT3 gene mutations on chromosomes 8q24 (EXT1), 11p11-13 (EXT2), and 19p (EXT3) 4,5."
"Malignant transformation is more common than in sporadic cases, with transformation rates reported as high as 25% (lower rates of 3-5% have also been published) 3. The mnemonic GLAD PaST 1 lists the associations with sarcomatous transformation."
Expected headings
"Complications"
"Hereditary multiple exostoses can involve any bone in the body except for the calvarium 5. Common sites of involvement include the distal femur, proximal tibia, wrist and hands, humerus, ankle, pelvis, and ribs."
"Hereditary multiple exostoses can involve any bone in the body except for the calvarium 5. Common sites of involvement include the distal femur, proximal tibia, wrist and hands, humerus, ankle, pelvis, and ribs."