"The following article reflects the 9th version published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2018 1,2,3."
"T3:"
"Hypopharyngeal carcinoma staging refers to TNM staging of carcinomas originating in the hypopharynx. This system most commonly applies to squamous cell carcinomas but can also apply to rarer epithelial malignancies in the region."
"The following article reflects the 9th version published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2018 1,2,3."
"The following article reflects the 9th version published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2018 1,2,3."
"TX: primary tumour cannot be assessed"
"The terms pM0 and MX are not valid TNM categories. The following categories may be used:"
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastasis (M)"
"Tis: carcinoma in situ"
"T4a: moderately advanced local disease in which tumour invades one or more of the following:"
"T4b: very advanced local disease in which tumour encases carotid artery or invades one or more of the following:"
"Stage 0"
"Tis, N0, M0"
"Stage IVA"
"T4a, [N0, N1], M0"
"Stage IVB"
"T4b, [Any N], M0"
"T4a: moderately advanced local disease in which tumour invades one or more of the following:"
Expected headings
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastasis (M)"
"Stage groups"
"Changes since prior versions"