""missing threads" (i.e. IUCD threads not being visible in the vagina) are relatively common (~20%; high in post-partum insertions) and can be the result of expulsion, perforation, or pregnancy 11"
"stainless steel: Chinese ring (manufacture ceased in 2000)"
"silver: Gräfenberg ring (discontinued) 19"
Expected headings
"Complications"
"IUCD malposition"
"The preferred abbreviation for an intrauterine contraceptive device is IUCD. Occasionally, IUD is used instead; however, some specialists dislike this shortening, as it is also used as an abbreviation for intrauterine death."
"There is no consensus on whether a malpositioned IUCD should be removed +/- replaced, but several guidelines suggest the following to be indications; overall, removal is on a case-by-case basis 11,20,21:"
"asymptomatic displacement of a hormone-releasing IUCD (e.g. Mirena) may not affect its efficacy in prevention of pregnancy, according to some studies 5-7; in contrast, for copper IUCDs, displacement from the fundal position is associated with higher rates of inadvertent pregnancy 6"
""missing threads" (i.e. IUCD threads not being visible in the vagina) are relatively common (~20%; high in post-partum insertions) and can be the result of expulsion, perforation, or pregnancy 11"
"There are two main types of intrauterine contraceptive devices:"
"There is no consensus on whether a malpositioned IUCD should be removed +/- replaced, but several guidelines suggest the following to be indications; overall, removal is on a case-by-case basis 11,20,21:"