"medications (e.g. NSAID, warfarin)"
"Although lower GI bleeding can occur at any age, specific disease processes are distinctive for different age groups and familiarity with this can help tailor the diagnostic workup 2,6:"
"Tc-99m-labelled RBC scan (less sensitive than Tc-99m SC): ≥0.2 mL/min"
"CTA and Tc-99m-labelled RBC scintigraphy have equal rates of detection of LGIB (at ~40% in one series), but CTA appears to have higher localisation rates 7."
"Erythrocytes are labelled with technetium-99m, then serial scintigraphy is performed (a.k.a. Tc-99m-labelled RBC scintigraphy or tagged red blood cell scan) to detect focal collections of radiolabeled material. It can be performed relatively quickly and may help localise the general area of active bleeding to guide subsequent endoscopy, angiography or surgery 1."
"In patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding who are haemodynamically-stable and do not have ongoing fresh rectal bleeding, an RBC-labelled Tc-99m scan is recommended as a first line of investigation. Catheter angiography is recommended in patients with time-to-positive (TTP) of 9 minutes or less. If TTP is over 9 minutes, the likelihood of detecting the site of bleeding on an angiogram will be markedly low."
"Meckel diverticulum"
"In patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding who are haemodynamically-stable and do not have ongoing fresh rectal bleeding, an RBC-labelled Tc-99m scan is recommended as a first line of investigation. Catheter angiography is recommended in patients with time-to-positive (TTP) of 9 minutes or less. If TTP is over 9 minutes, the likelihood of detecting the site of bleeding on an angiogram will be markedly low."
Expected headings
"Angiography"
"Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz (i.e. from the jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum or anus) and presenting as either haematochezia (bright red blood/clots or burgundy stools) or melaena."
"Erythrocytes are labelled with technetium-99m, then serial scintigraphy is performed (a.k.a. Tc-99m-labelled RBC scintigraphy or tagged red blood cell scan) to detect focal collections of radiolabeled material. It can be performed relatively quickly and may help localise the general area of active bleeding to guide subsequent endoscopy, angiography or surgery 1."
"The treatments of gastrointestinal bleeding range from conservative management with observation and supportive care, minimally invasive treatments such as angiography and selective embolisation, endoscopic assessment within clipping, cauterisation or injection, through to surgical resection 9."
"medications (e.g. NSAID, warfarin)"
"upper gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g. peptic ulcer)"