"They usually arise from the descending aorta. Although less common, they may arise from the ascending aorta, arch of aorta, subclavian arteries (including branches, e.g. internal thoracic) or rarely from coeliac artery or coronaries5."
"MAPCAs can be classified according to major adjacent mediastinal structures such as the oesophagus, trachea, bronchi5."
"They can be classified into6 :-"
"They can be classified into6 :-"
"They can be classified into6 :-"
"Single supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by MAPCAs, but with no connection to native pulmonary arteries; by definition, there is collateral connection to at least one other MAPCA."
"Isolated supply MAPCA - isolated MAPCA supply to bronchopulmonary segment, with no connection to native pulmonary arteries, and no collateral connection with any other MAPCA that might be present and supplying other bronchopulmonary segments."
"Dual supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment supplied by at least one MAPCA, but also has concurrent perfusion native pulmonary arterial vessel(s), and there is intrinsic anastomotic connection between these separate origins of supply, either prior to entering the bronchopulmonary segment, or within."
"Mixed supply MAPCA - multiple bronchopulmonary segments have varying supply, with a mixture of single / isolated / dual supply, as described above in points 1 through 3."
"Dual supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment supplied by at least one MAPCA, but also has concurrent perfusion native pulmonary arterial vessel(s), and there is intrinsic anastomotic connection between these separate origins of supply, either prior to entering the bronchopulmonary segment, or within."
"They may persist to supply the bronchopulmonary segments when there is no flow or very little flow into the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle. If there is an alternative supply to the pulmonary arteries (e.g. patent ductus arteriosus), then the fetal arteries regress, and such a patient does not have MAPCAs."
"Single supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by MAPCAs, but with no connection to native pulmonary arteries; by definition, there is collateral connection to at least one other MAPCA."
"Isolated supply MAPCA - isolated MAPCA supply to bronchopulmonary segment, with no connection to native pulmonary arteries, and no collateral connection with any other MAPCA that might be present and supplying other bronchopulmonary segments."
"Dual supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment supplied by at least one MAPCA, but also has concurrent perfusion native pulmonary arterial vessel(s), and there is intrinsic anastomotic connection between these separate origins of supply, either prior to entering the bronchopulmonary segment, or within."
"Mixed supply MAPCA - multiple bronchopulmonary segments have varying supply, with a mixture of single / isolated / dual supply, as described above in points 1 through 3."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Classification"
"Based on location"
"Based on course"
"Nature of supply"
"Single supply MAPCA - bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by MAPCAs, but with no connection to native pulmonary arteries; by definition, there is collateral connection to at least one other MAPCA."
"patent ductus arteriosus: usually can be differentiated from MAPCAs based on its typical location and course; presence of branching and collaterization favours MAPCA 5"
"CT angiography is routinely used to accurately diagnose MAPCAs. It also provides information regarding morphology of coronaries, cardiac chambers, lungs and other mediastinal structures."