"Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Some features of a Meckel diverticulum can be recalled using the "rule of 2s"."
"Its length can be typically 1–10 cm (average ~3 cm). Most (75%) Meckel diverticula are found within 60 cm (range 40-100 cm) of the ileocaecal valve 2. It can be seen in the midline or on either side of the midline; however, it is most common at the midline and right iliac fossa. On CT, it can be either superior or inferior to the terminal ileum 1."
"dynamic anterior imaging for 30 minutes post-injection with right lateral views to confirm anterior location"
"Inclusion of a Meckel diverticulum in a true knot that forms between the ileum and sigmoid."
"Approximately 2% (range 0.3-3%) 11 of all individuals may have a Meckel diverticulum. While traditionally described to have an increased male predilection, it may occur in both sexes with 2:1 in male to female ratio, although symptoms from complications are more common in male patients 2,11. Most patients with a complication are thought to present in the first two years of life 11. There is an increased incidence of Meckel diverticulum among patients with Crohn's disease compared with the general population."
"Brunner glands ~2%"
"Littre hernia: inclusion of the diverticulum into a hernia"
"Inclusion of a Meckel diverticulum in a true knot that forms between the ileum and sigmoid."
"best performance in paediatric patients with GI bleeding (94% sensitivity, 97-99% specificity) 21"
"A large proportion of individuals remain asymptomatic, although up to a third of them may experience clinical symptoms 1. The incidence of complications with a Meckel diverticulum is reported to range between 4-40%; however, one retrospective study showed the lifetime risk of developing complications of a Meckel diverticulum is 4% up to the age of 20 years, 2% up to the age of 40 years, and 0% in the elderly population 2,3,13."
Expected headings
"Epidemiology"
"Fluoroscopy"
"Angiography (DSA/CT)"
"Key technical points"
"Enhancement and pitfalls"
"Approximately 2% (range 0.3-3%) 11 of all individuals may have a Meckel diverticulum. While traditionally described to have an increased male predilection, it may occur in both sexes with 2:1 in male to female ratio, although symptoms from complications are more common in male patients 2,11. Most patients with a complication are thought to present in the first two years of life 11. There is an increased incidence of Meckel diverticulum among patients with Crohn's disease compared with the general population."
"Its length can be typically 1–10 cm (average ~3 cm). Most (75%) Meckel diverticula are found within 60 cm (range 40-100 cm) of the ileocaecal valve 2. It can be seen in the midline or on either side of the midline; however, it is most common at the midline and right iliac fossa. On CT, it can be either superior or inferior to the terminal ileum 1."
"A large proportion of individuals remain asymptomatic, although up to a third of them may experience clinical symptoms 1. The incidence of complications with a Meckel diverticulum is reported to range between 4-40%; however, one retrospective study showed the lifetime risk of developing complications of a Meckel diverticulum is 4% up to the age of 20 years, 2% up to the age of 40 years, and 0% in the elderly population 2,3,13."
"gastrointestinal haemorrhage (melaena/haematochezia): the most common complication and may account for ~30% of symptomatic cases 2; presents as a large, mostly self-limiting bright red rectal bleed"