Expected headings
"Mechanism"
"Associations"
"Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries comprise sprains, tears and ruptures as well as avulsion fractures of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). They occur regularly in association with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocations and are also found in the setting of multi-ligament knee injuries."
"Typical symptoms include swelling, pain and tenderness along the medial joint line in particular at the medial border of the patella or the site of the origin between the medial epicondyle and the adductor tubercle. History might reveal a patellar dislocation. The clinical examination might show patellar lateralisation and no firm endpoint on lateral patellar translation 1."
"Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries include sprains, partial and complete tears as well as pure bony or osteochondral avulsion injuries."
"Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries can occur at their patellar or femoral insertion sites, midsubstance or in more than one location 1,5. Femoral-side MPFL injuries are more likely in skeletally mature patients whereas patellar-sided MPFL injuries are more likely with skeletally immature patients 13."