"Although annular calcification is associated with mitral regurgitation, this is usually trivial and asymptomatic. Calcification of the annulus can however impede AV nodal conduction and therefore lead to varying degrees of heart block. Calcification of the leaflets can cause mitral stenosis."
"Annular calcification per se does not require any treatment. Instead, patients are managed according to the presence of heart block, mitral regurgitation (usually minimal) and other cardiovascular signs and symptoms."
Expected headings
"Variants"
"Associations"