"The term is often used inappropriately to describe any cochlear abnormality, rather than a specific type of cochlear hypoplasia. Thus, most would favour not using the term, except perhaps in cases where the findings exactly match those described by Mondini.If any doubt it is best to just describe the anatomical abnormalities."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Complications"
"There are only 1.5 turns to the cochlea instead of the expected 2.5. The interscalar septum between the middle and apical segments also fails to form leading to a confluent, sac-like cochlea."
"There is an increased risk of:"
"Some publications have suggested a link between Mondini malformation and spontaneous CSF fistulae and meningitis; however, this appears to be only the case with more severe forms of cochlear hypoplasia, and not with a true isolated Mondini malformation 1,4."
"Additionally, complete or partial absence of the normal interscalar septum is also present, which can now be demonstrated on high-field MRI 4."