"T4: any one or more of the following tumour extension/involvement:"
"unilateral cervical lymph node(s), and/or"
"unilateral or bilateral retropharyngeal lymph node(s)"
"Nasopharyngeal cancer staging refers to TNM staging of malignant tumours of the nasopharynx. The vast majority of applicable tumours are nasopharyngeal carcinomas, but other epithelial malignancies of the nasopharynx are included, such as minor salivary gland tumours. The following article reflects the 9th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), which is used for staging starting 1 January 2025 1."
"Nasopharyngeal cancer staging refers to TNM staging of malignant tumours of the nasopharynx. The vast majority of applicable tumours are nasopharyngeal carcinomas, but other epithelial malignancies of the nasopharynx are included, such as minor salivary gland tumours. The following article reflects the 9th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), which is used for staging starting 1 January 2025 1."
"Nasopharyngeal cancer staging refers to TNM staging of malignant tumours of the nasopharynx. The vast majority of applicable tumours are nasopharyngeal carcinomas, but other epithelial malignancies of the nasopharynx are included, such as minor salivary gland tumours. The following article reflects the 9th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), which is used for staging starting 1 January 2025 1."
"TX: primary tumour cannot be assessed"
"T0: no evidence of primary tumour, but EBV-positive nodal involvement"
"*Though it is not explicitly defined in the AJCC manual, "pterygoid structures" include medial/lateral pterygoid plates, pterygomaxillary fissure, and pterygopalatine fossa according to articles that formed the basis of the 8th edition criteria 2."
"NX: nodes cannot be assessed"
"Compared to the 8th version of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system, T categories were unchanged, N categories added advanced extranodal extension as an N3 criterion, and M categories subdivided M1 into M1a and M1b 1. Stage groups were also updated to merge stage I and II, down-classify stage III and IVA to II and III, subdivide stages I and IV, and move M1 exclusively to stage IV."
"Compared to the 8th version of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system, T categories were unchanged, N categories added advanced extranodal extension as an N3 criterion, and M categories subdivided M1 into M1a and M1b 1. Stage groups were also updated to merge stage I and II, down-classify stage III and IVA to II and III, subdivide stages I and IV, and move M1 exclusively to stage IV."
"Compared to the 8th version of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system, T categories were unchanged, N categories added advanced extranodal extension as an N3 criterion, and M categories subdivided M1 into M1a and M1b 1. Stage groups were also updated to merge stage I and II, down-classify stage III and IVA to II and III, subdivide stages I and IV, and move M1 exclusively to stage IV."
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastases (M)"
"Tis: carcinoma in situ"
"M1a: ≤3 distant metastatic lesions"
"M1b: >3 distant metastatic lesions"
"Stage 0"
"Tis, N0, M0"
"Stage IA"
"Stage IB"
"Stage IVA"
"Stage IVB"
Expected headings
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastases (M)"
"Stage groupings"
"Changes from prior versions"