"decreased umbilical flow in utero"
"Inflammation starts from the mucosal surface and progresses to haemorrhagic and coagulative necrosis. There is ensuing loss of mucosal integrity, transmural necrosis, and perforation."
"Necrotising enterocolitis can be managed both medically and surgically and appropriate patient selection is essential in optimising outcome. There are many staging systems published with Bell's staging in common use (c. 2024) 10, with stage I and II receiving medical therapy and stage III undergoing surgery 8."
"For follow-up, supine and lateral projections have been recommended for the first 48 hours as this is when most perforation occurs. After 48 hours, vertical beam supine projections may be sufficient if there no concern for perforation 1."