"Displacement can also occur medially across the midline, so-called medial nephroptosis 8,9. A 2013 case report even demonstrated anterior displacement 10."
"Symptoms may include flank pain on standing that is relieved on lying down. The hypothesis is that kidney movement causes intermittent renal tract obstruction 1. Rarely, it can cause intermittent nausea, vomiting, hypotension, oliguria and proteinuria, a syndrome known as Dietl's crisis 5. It may occur in childhood as well 11,12."
"Intravenous urography, renal scintigraphy with various tracers, CT and ultrasound may all allow for the diagnosis (performed supine and upright, lateral decubitus in medial ptosis) 3,4,8,9."
"Intravenous urography, renal scintigraphy with various tracers, CT and ultrasound may all allow for the diagnosis (performed supine and upright, lateral decubitus in medial ptosis) 3,4,8,9."