Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"Histologically, papillary carcinoma demonstrates "delicate stalks of epithelial cells" ³, which account for its name. Neoplastic papilla with central fibrovascular core lined by cells with follicular epithelial cell differentiation and unique nuclear features. Clear nuclear chromatin "Orphan Annie eye" and longitudinal nuclear grooves, nuclear overlapping, intranuclear pseudo-inclusions, as well as irregular nuclear contours are the specific findings of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Psammoma bodies are common in PTC and they are usually seen within the papillary structures or in the tumour stroma but not in the tumoural follicles. Psammoma bodies represent focal infarctions and calcified dead tips of papillae."

Line 48:389 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'pseudo-inclusions,'.

Headings Spacing

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" Staging"

Line 56:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

Strong

warning

"When the tumour measures ≤10 mm, the terms papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) ¹⁸ or micropapillary carcinoma (mPTC) ¹⁴ can be used ¹⁴."

Line 3:47 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'papillary thyroid microcarcinoma '

"When the tumour measures ≤10 mm, the terms papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) ¹⁸ or micropapillary carcinoma (mPTC) ¹⁴ can be used ¹⁴."

Line 3:98 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'PTMC'

"When the tumour measures ≤10 mm, the terms papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) ¹⁸ or micropapillary carcinoma (mPTC) ¹⁴ can be used ¹⁴."

Line 3:138 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'micropapillary carcinoma (mPTC)'

Colons

warning

"Papillary thyroid cancer (as is the case with follicular thyroid cancer) typically occurs in the middle-aged, with a peak incidence in the 3^rd and 4^th decades. It is more common in women, with an M: F ratio of 1:2.5 (range 1:1.6-3:1) ²."

Line 5:230 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': F ratio'.

"negative for: CK20 and calcitonin"

Line 52:20 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': CK20 and'.

List Caps

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"Warthin-like variant"

Line 33:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Acronyms

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"BRAF^V600E is the most frequent mutated gene, occurring in 60% of cases. RAS mutation and rearrangement of the RET gene, particularly fusion with PTC1 and PTC2 genes, are common in papillary thyroid carcinoma. ¹⁷"

Line 55:4 · 'BRAF' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"BRAF^V600E is the most frequent mutated gene, occurring in 60% of cases. RAS mutation and rearrangement of the RET gene, particularly fusion with PTC1 and PTC2 genes, are common in papillary thyroid carcinoma. ¹⁷"

Line 55:87 · 'RAS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"BRAF^V600E is the most frequent mutated gene, occurring in 60% of cases. RAS mutation and rearrangement of the RET gene, particularly fusion with PTC1 and PTC2 genes, are common in papillary thyroid carcinoma. ¹⁷"

Line 55:125 · 'RET' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

EG List And

warning

"Patients with papillary thyroid cancer have an elevated risk for a secondary primary cancer, e.g. breast, urinary tract, digestive system, haematolymphoid and skin cancers, and the risk persists for decades after the initial PTC diagnosis. Male gender and older age are recognised risks, except for breast cancer risk, which exclusively applies to females ^15,22."

Line 116:97 · An e.g. list gives selected examples, so it should not end with 'and' or 'or': 'e.g. breast, urinary tract, digestive system, haematolymphoid and skin cancers, and'.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Associations"

Line 19:1 · "Associations" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"Subtypes"

Line 25:1 · "Subtypes" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Immunohistochemistry"

Line 49:1 · "Immunohistochemistry" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Molecular pathology"

Line 54:1 · "Molecular pathology" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

" Staging"

Line 56:1 · " Staging" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Fine needle aspiration"

Line 63:1 · "Fine needle aspiration" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"FDG-PET"

Line 100:1 · "FDG-PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Complications"

Line 115:1 · "Complications" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Treatment and prognosis").

There Is

suggestion

"It accounts for most (~70%) of all thyroid neoplasms and 85% of all thyroid cancers ^2,4. There are 45,000 cases in the United States every year, and this type of carcinoma has the fastest-increasing incidence of any malignancy in the thyroid ^ref."

Line 6:104 · Don't start a sentence with 'There are'.

Semicolons

suggestion

"Papillary carcinoma has a tendency to metastasise early to local lymph nodes, with 50% (39-90% ²) of patients having nodal involvement at presentation ¹ (cf. 10% for follicular thyroid cancer). These metastases are usually to the ipsilateral jugular chain (~88%) and are commonly confined to the mid and lower lymph node levels; namely levels III and IV (73%) ¹."

Line 14:367 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Lobectomy is used for unilateral, intrathyroidal, low-risk tumours"

Line 108:76 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: papillary-thyroid-cancer