"Affected nodes demonstrate central caseation, characteristic of mycobacterial infections, which appears as creamy-to-chalky off-white regions 3. It is believed that lymphadenitis most likely represents post-primary reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis previously spread haematogeneously during primary infection. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare accounts for 10% of cases, which, unlike tuberculosis, tends to be unilateral and commonly seen without any chest infection."
"Affected nodes demonstrate central caseation, characteristic of mycobacterial infections, which appears as creamy-to-chalky off-white regions 3. It is believed that lymphadenitis most likely represents post-primary reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis previously spread haematogeneously during primary infection. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare accounts for 10% of cases, which, unlike tuberculosis, tends to be unilateral and commonly seen without any chest infection."
"Ultrasound is an excellent first-line investigation, as it not only assesses cervical lymphadenopathy but also enables guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. The combination of grey-scale imaging and FNAC has a sensitivity of 92% and specificity 97% in distinguishing benign from malignant nodal disease 1."
"Doppler examination is particularly useful for distinguishing tuberculous infection from necrotic metastatic disease 1. Reactive nodes (including those in tuberculous lymphadenitis) demonstrate prominent vascularity, but mostly confined to the hilum, whereas malignant nodes demonstrate more peripheral/capsular vascularity (see US features helpful in distinguishing reactive and malignant lymph nodes)."
"Most frequently, children and young adults are affected (11-30 years of age), and there may be a slight female predilection 2."
"It is important to note that during therapy, new or existing cervical nodes may enlarge. This should not be mistaken for a failure of medical management, and such enlargement is often transient 6."
"History and etymology"