"horizontal posterior ribs and vertical anterior ribs (heart-shaped). This orientation shapes the ribs like the number 7, rather than the normal C-shape."
"blurring of right heart border (PA/AP film)"
"blurring of right heart border (PA/AP film)"
"widening of the cardiac silhouette due to compression of heart (PA/AP film)"
"widening of the cardiac silhouette due to compression of heart (PA/AP film)"
"The Haller index (HI) (maximal transverse diameter/narrowest AP length of chest) is used to assess the severity of incursion of the sternum into the mediastinum. A normal Haller index is 2.5 or less. Significant pectus excavatum has an index greater than 3.25, representing a factor for determining candidacy for repair."
"Although historically most cases were not treated, and early research suggested that even in extreme cases, repair does not offer a significant improvement in respiratory function tests, 2 more recently, symptomatic improvements in ventilation and perfusion scans, as well as numerous other symptoms, have been described 3,7,8. Importantly, and contrary to earlier beliefs, pectus deformities often persist into adulthood, and symptoms may become more pronounced 8."