"The word periosteum is derived from Greek and is composed of the words 'peri' meaning surrounding and 'osteon' meaning bone. The French botanist chemist and engineer Henri Louis Duhamel (1700-1782) already noted in 1739 that silver wires implanted below the periosteum were associated with appositional growth and termed the inner layer cambium layer 1. Later the French surgeon Louis Leopold Ollier (1830-1900) proved that the cambium layer is indeed capable of repairing and producing bone using a free periosteal graft in 1867 1,11."
"The periosteum consists of different layers, in particular an outer fibrous layer and an inner cambium layer 1,2, and a transparent undifferentiated layer in between the two 3,4. It invests most parts of the bone except for those parts covered by articular cartilage, tendon insertions, and the sesamoid bones 1,5,6."
"The periosteum consists of different layers, in particular an outer fibrous layer and an inner cambium layer 1,2, and a transparent undifferentiated layer in between the two 3,4. It invests most parts of the bone except for those parts covered by articular cartilage, tendon insertions, and the sesamoid bones 1,5,6."
Expected headings
"Fibrous layer"
"Cambium layer"
"Function"
"The periosteal circulation consists of a rich plexus of periosteal, periosteal-cortical, musculoperiosteal and nutritive periosteal vessels and anastomoses mainly found in the fibrous layer of the periosteum providing at least one-third of the blood supply requirements of the cortical bone 2,3. Most of those vessels are located in the fibrous layer 2. This rich vascular plexus has been also called the ‘umbilical cord’ of bone 2,8."
"contribution to new bone formation, recovery and repair"
"There are predominantly unmyelinated nerve fibres in the periosteum with free nerve endings possibly related to pain perception 3,6. In addition, bone metabolism seems to be least in part regulated by the adrenergic sympathetic nervous system that controls the bone formation and resorption via ß2-adrenergic receptors in the axial and appendicular skeleton 2."