"T1: isointense to hypointense to adjacent brain"
"T1 C+ (Gd): vivid heterogeneous enhancement"
"The solid component tends to be slightly hyperdense compared to the adjacent brain due to high cellularity. This is a characteristic shared by other small round blue cell tumours such as PNET and medulloblastoma."
"Pineoblastomas are the most aggressive pineal parenchymal tumour and account for a substantial proportion of such tumours (24-50%) 7. They are typically found in young children, with only a slight female predilection (M:F 0.7:1; similar to other pineal parenchymal tumours), which is in contrast to the male predominance seen in pineal germinomas) 12."
"There is a well-established association with hereditary retinoblastomas. Around 5% of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (who predominantly have bilateral disease) develop midline (suprasellar or pineal) neuroblastic tumours 6,10. Such cases are sometimes referred to as trilateral retinoblastoma."
"Treatment is usually a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation 7. Despite treatment, the prognosis has historically been poor, with a 5-year survival as low as 10%. In contrast, in 2021 a 5-year survival of 58-81% has been reported 8,12 with median overall survival times of 4-8 years 12."