"On gray scale M mode ultrasound, classical signs are:"
"Differential Diagnosis"
Expected headings
"Differential Diagnosis"
"The normal lung interface with pleura shows lung sliding with z-lines, which appear as vertical comet tails extending deep to the pleural surface. In pneumothorax, this sliding is absent and so are the comet tail artifacts from the pleura. The sight of even a single B-line excludes pneumothorax at that location. There is also loss of the lung pulse, the subtle lung oscillation in tandem with cardiac contraction, which distinguishes between right mainstem intubation (loss of sliding on the left, but lung pulse is present) and a left sided pneumothorax (no sliding or lung pulse). Free intrathoracic gas will reflect incident ultrasound waves, obscuring the visceral pleura beneath and all dynamic signs will be abolished; A-lines will be seen extending into the far field."
"The normal lung interface with pleura shows lung sliding with z-lines, which appear as vertical comet tails extending deep to the pleural surface. In pneumothorax, this sliding is absent and so are the comet tail artifacts from the pleura. The sight of even a single B-line excludes pneumothorax at that location. There is also loss of the lung pulse, the subtle lung oscillation in tandem with cardiac contraction, which distinguishes between right mainstem intubation (loss of sliding on the left, but lung pulse is present) and a left sided pneumothorax (no sliding or lung pulse). Free intrathoracic gas will reflect incident ultrasound waves, obscuring the visceral pleura beneath and all dynamic signs will be abolished; A-lines will be seen extending into the far field."