Expected headings
"Classification"
"Preiser disease is an extremely rare condition, with a recent literature review identifying only about 170 reported cases 1. There is no clear age or gender predilection among reported cases, with a broad age range (9-76 years). The dominant wrist is affected twice as frequently as the non-dominant wrist 1."
"Another proposed cause is the disruption of the scapholunate ligament. There is a minor vascular contribution to the scaphoid through this ligamentous attachment and as such, injury to these structures may further compromise perfusion to scaphoid bone 1,3,4."
"Potential risk factors or associations proposed include repetitive microtraumas to the region, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, osteoporosis, vascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders, and a history of steroid use 2."
"surgical management: surgical debridement, denervation, prosthetic replacement, lateral closing radial wedge osteotomy, proximal row carpectomy, partial wrist fusion, and vascular bone graft have been used 1,3,4,6,7"
"conservative management: splinting, activity modification, analgesics and NSAIDs"