"The most significant area of radiation exposure to the radiologist is the hands. The radiologist’s hands will be close to the scan plane during image acquisition as they manipulate the needle under real-time imaging. This should be measured using a thermoluminescent dosimeter disc or ring. The absorbed dose to the hands in the direct beam is approximately 1.1 mGy per second. Other at risk organs from a radiation exposure perspective include the thyroid and lens of the eye. Departments will usually have a radiation safety threshold for staff on a per annum basis. Deterministic and stochastic effects could be developed if the radiation exposure exceeds 500 millisieverts per year and 50 mSv per year, respectively."
"The most significant area of radiation exposure to the radiologist is the hands. The radiologist’s hands will be close to the scan plane during image acquisition as they manipulate the needle under real-time imaging. This should be measured using a thermoluminescent dosimeter disc or ring. The absorbed dose to the hands in the direct beam is approximately 1.1 mGy per second. Other at risk organs from a radiation exposure perspective include the thyroid and lens of the eye. Departments will usually have a radiation safety threshold for staff on a per annum basis. Deterministic and stochastic effects could be developed if the radiation exposure exceeds 500 millisieverts per year and 50 mSv per year, respectively."
"use of personal lead protection e.g. lead glasses (greater than 0.1 mm lead reduces eye dose by 50%), lead aprons, thyroid shields (reduce dose by > 95%), lead gloves"
"The most significant area of radiation exposure to the radiologist is the hands. The radiologist’s hands will be close to the scan plane during image acquisition as they manipulate the needle under real-time imaging. This should be measured using a thermoluminescent dosimeter disc or ring. The absorbed dose to the hands in the direct beam is approximately 1.1 mGy per second. Other at risk organs from a radiation exposure perspective include the thyroid and lens of the eye. Departments will usually have a radiation safety threshold for staff on a per annum basis. Deterministic and stochastic effects could be developed if the radiation exposure exceeds 500 millisieverts per year and 50 mSv per year, respectively."
Expected headings
"Radiation exposure to the patient"
"Radiation exposure to the operator"
"Strategies to minimise exposure to the operator"
"Time and technique"
"The patient surface dosage may range between 2 and 10 mGy/sec, with exposure times lasting up to 200 seconds. There is potential for radiation-induced deterministic effects to the skin in long, high-dose CT fluoroscopic procedures. For safety reasons, departments should monitor the patient dose based on departmental phantom studies and cease the procedure if the deterministic threshold is reached."
"reduce section thickness (e.g. use 2 mm or 5 mm thickness, rather than 10 mm)"