"Tx: tumour cannot be assessed"
"T0: no evidence of primary tumour"
"T1: limited to kidney ≤7 cm"
"T1a: tumour confined to kidney, ≤4 cm"
"T1b: tumour confined to kidney, >4 cm but ≤7 cm"
"T2: limited to kidney >7 cm"
"T2a: tumour confined to kidney, >7 cm but ≤10 cm"
"T2b: tumour confined to kidney, >10 cm"
"T3: tumour extension into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into ipsilateral adrenal gland or beyond Gerota's fascia"
"T3a: tumour extends into the renal vein or its segmental branches, invades the pelvicalyceal system, or invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond the Gerota fascia 8"
"T3b: spread to infra diaphragmatic IVC"
"T3c: spread to supra diaphragmatic IVC or invades the wall of the IVC"
"T4: involves ipsilateral adrenal gland or invades beyond Gerota's fascia"
"Nx: regional lymph nodes can't be assessed"
"N0: no nodal involvement"
"N1: metastatic involvement of regional lymph node(s)"
"M0: no distant metastases"
"M1: distant metastases"
"stage I: T1 N0 M0"
"stage II: T2 N0 M0"
"stage III: T3 or N1 with M0"
"stage IV: T4 or M1"
"Nx: regional lymph nodes can't be assessed"
"N1: metastatic involvement of regional lymph node(s)"
"The TNM system may be used for staging of renal cell carcinoma. An older but still widely used system for staging of renal cell carcinoma in some practices is the Robson staging system."
"TNM staging (8th edition)"
"The following staging criteria are based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition 2."
"Primary tumour staging (T)"
"Regional lymph nodes (N)"
"Metastases (M)"
"Tx: tumour cannot be assessed"
"T1a: tumour confined to kidney, ≤4 cm"
"T1b: tumour confined to kidney, >4 cm but ≤7 cm"
"T2a: tumour confined to kidney, >7 cm but ≤10 cm"
"T2b: tumour confined to kidney, >10 cm"
"T3a: tumour extends into the renal vein or its segmental branches, invades the pelvicalyceal system, or invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond the Gerota fascia 8"
"Nx: regional lymph nodes can't be assessed"
Expected headings
"TNM staging (8th edition)"
"Primary tumour staging (T)"
"Regional lymph nodes (N)"
"Metastases (M)"
"Stage groupings"
"Notes"
"the most common sites of metastasis are, in order: lung, bone, lymph node, liver, adrenal and brain 7"