"Post-contrast "
"Post-contrast"
"T1: hypointense compared to renal cortex 10"
"T1 C+ (Gd): usually demonstrates homogeneous enhancement"
"homogenous"
Expected headings
"Intravenous pyelogram"
"Non-contrast"
"Post-contrast "
"Renal oncocytomas account for approximately 5% of resected primary adult epithelial renal neoplasms. They typically present in the 6th to 7th decades with a peak incidence at 55 years of age. There is 2:1 male predilection 1,2. Unfortunately, these demographics are similar to renal cell carcinoma."
"Up to three-quarters of patients with a renal oncocytoma are asymptomatic. In cases where the mass is large, a flank or abdominal mass may be the presenting complaint. Occasionally, hypertension, haematuria or pain may be the presenting complaint 2."
"Oncocytomas are believed to originate from intercalated tubular cells of the collecting tubules and are composed of acini, tubules or microcysts placed within a hyalinized stroma. The tumour is composed of round to polygonal, large, swollen cells with eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm, round nuclei and a central nucleolus. Mitotic activity is rarely seen, but necrosis and atypical mitosis are usually absent 3. Oncocytoma is a benign neoplasm, so the nuclear grading system, the ISUP/ WHO criteria, should not be used 13."
"When intervention is required, nephron-sparing surgery is preferred where feasible; image-guided ablation is an alternative in selected patients. In cases where percutaneous biopsy demonstrates oncocytoma or a likely oncocytoma, active surveillance with interval imaging is increasingly used and appears to be a safe initial management strategy in appropriately selected patients, with excellent disease-specific and metastatic-free survival reported in contemporary series 8,12,16,17."