"type I: developing only outside the fetus (can have small pre-sacral component); accounts for the majority of cases (47%) 12"
"type II: extra-fetal with intrapelvic presacral extension"
"type III: extra-fetal with extension through the pelvis into the abdomen"
"type IV: tumour developing entirely in the fetal pelvis"
"T1: fat components appear high signal, calcific/bony components low signal"
"T2: fluid (cystic) components appear high signal, calcific bony components low signal"
"T2*/GRE/SWI: magnetic susceptibility artifact because of calcifications"
"T1 C+ (Gd): enhancing solid components"
"type I: developing only outside the fetus (can have small pre-sacral component); accounts for the majority of cases (47%) 12"
"terminal myelocystocoele: for cystic types on ultrasound 9"
"Presentation varies depending on whether a tumour has an intrapelvic location or an extra-fetal extension (see further classification below). Intrapelvic tumours can manifest after birth with genitourinary and gastrointestinal symptoms given the compression of those structures."
"type II: extra-fetal with intrapelvic presacral extension"
"type III: extra-fetal with extension through the pelvis into the abdomen"
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Complications"
"It is the most common congenital tumour in the fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognised female predilection with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4."
"A tumour is composed of all three germ cells (i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm)."
"Not part of a routine investigation. Identifies bone, fat and cystic components. Calcification may again be seen."
"type I: developing only outside the fetus (can have small pre-sacral component); accounts for the majority of cases (47%) 12"