"complement: low C3 or C4 - 3 points; low C3 and C4 - 4 points"
"complement: low C3 or C4 - 3 points; low C3 and C4 - 4 points"
"anti-dsDNA: present in ~75% (range 70-98%); varies with disease activity, making it useful to monitor disease activity 11"
"anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies; highly specific for SLE, and are found in ~15% (range 10-20%) of White patients and ~ 35% (range 30-40%) of Asian and Black patients; associated with renal and CNS involvement 12"
"There is also variation within populations. For example, within the USA, the highest incidence is reported among Black populations, followed by Hispanic and Asian populations, with the lowest incidence in White populations 15. Outside of North America and Europe, data are less robust, and incidence and prevalence are difficult to determine accurately 15."
"Earlier ACR criteria, published in 1982 and revised in 1997, required four of eleven criteria to be met serially or simultaneously 2; the EULAR/ACR 2019 revision uses an entry criterion plus additive weighted scoring, requiring ≥10 points for diagnosing SLE 21:"
"Earlier ACR criteria, published in 1982 and revised in 1997, required four of eleven criteria to be met serially or simultaneously 2; the EULAR/ACR 2019 revision uses an entry criterion plus additive weighted scoring, requiring ≥10 points for diagnosing SLE 21:"
"Earlier ACR criteria, published in 1982 and revised in 1997, required four of eleven criteria to be met serially or simultaneously 2; the EULAR/ACR 2019 revision uses an entry criterion plus additive weighted scoring, requiring ≥10 points for diagnosing SLE 21:"
"gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: GI involvement in ~20% of cases 5"
"More than 80 drugs have been involved in the development of drug-induced lupus, with the strongest evidence for chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, and quinidine, as well as TNF inhibitors 22."
"anti-U1 RNP: myositis, secondary Raynaud phenomenon"
"There is a strong gender predilection in adults, with women being newly diagnosed 6x times more than men 14. While it can affect any age group, the peak age at onset is in the 2nd to 4th decades (i.e., during childbearing years), with 65% of patients presenting between ages 16 and 65 years. The disease is sometimes classified into early- and late-onset groups 8,9."
"There is also variation within populations. For example, within the USA, the highest incidence is reported among Black populations, followed by Hispanic and Asian populations, with the lowest incidence in White populations 15. Outside of North America and Europe, data are less robust, and incidence and prevalence are difficult to determine accurately 15."
"Substantial global variation in the prevalence of SLE has been reported, attributed to differences in data availability and study design, environmental and location factors, and characteristics of the studied populations (e.g., age, sex, race) 14,15. The global incidence is estimated at ~5 cases per 100,000 person-years (range 1.5-15.1), and global prevalence is highly variable, ranging from 13 to 7714 cases per 100,000 population, with higher rates reported in North America and Europe than in South America and Asia 14,15."
"Substantial global variation in the prevalence of SLE has been reported, attributed to differences in data availability and study design, environmental and location factors, and characteristics of the studied populations (e.g., age, sex, race) 14,15. The global incidence is estimated at ~5 cases per 100,000 person-years (range 1.5-15.1), and global prevalence is highly variable, ranging from 13 to 7714 cases per 100,000 population, with higher rates reported in North America and Europe than in South America and Asia 14,15."
"More than 80 drugs have been involved in the development of drug-induced lupus, with the strongest evidence for chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, and quinidine, as well as TNF inhibitors 22."
"Substantial global variation in the prevalence of SLE has been reported, attributed to differences in data availability and study design, environmental and location factors, and characteristics of the studied populations (e.g., age, sex, race) 14,15. The global incidence is estimated at ~5 cases per 100,000 person-years (range 1.5-15.1), and global prevalence is highly variable, ranging from 13 to 7714 cases per 100,000 population, with higher rates reported in North America and Europe than in South America and Asia 14,15."
"Earlier ACR criteria, published in 1982 and revised in 1997, required four of eleven criteria to be met serially or simultaneously 2; the EULAR/ACR 2019 revision uses an entry criterion plus additive weighted scoring, requiring ≥10 points for diagnosing SLE 21:"
"entry criterion (mandatory): positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) at ≥1:80 on HEp-2 cells, or equivalent, on at least one occasion; if absent, do not proceed to the additive criteria"
"haematological: leucopenia - 3 points; thrombocytopenia - 4 points; autoimmune haemolysis - 4 points"
"haematological: leucopenia - 3 points; thrombocytopenia - 4 points; autoimmune haemolysis - 4 points"
"neuropsychiatric: delirium - 2 points; psychosis - 3 points; seizure - 5 points"
"neuropsychiatric: delirium - 2 points; psychosis - 3 points; seizure - 5 points"
"mucocutaneous: non-scarring alopecia - 2 points; oral ulcers - 2 points; subacute cutaneous or discoid lupus - 4 points; acute cutaneous lupus - 6 points"
"mucocutaneous: non-scarring alopecia - 2 points; oral ulcers - 2 points; subacute cutaneous or discoid lupus - 4 points; acute cutaneous lupus - 6 points"
"mucocutaneous: non-scarring alopecia - 2 points; oral ulcers - 2 points; subacute cutaneous or discoid lupus - 4 points; acute cutaneous lupus - 6 points"
"serosal: pleural or pericardial effusion - 5 points; acute pericarditis - 6 points"
"renal: proteinuria >0.5 g/24 hours - 4 points; class II or V lupus nephritis on biopsy - 8 points; class III or IV lupus nephritis on biopsy - 10 points"
"renal: proteinuria >0.5 g/24 hours - 4 points; class II or V lupus nephritis on biopsy - 8 points; class III or IV lupus nephritis on biopsy - 10 points"
"complement: low C3 or C4 - 3 points; low C3 and C4 - 4 points"
"anti-dsDNA: present in ~75% (range 70-98%); varies with disease activity, making it useful to monitor disease activity 11"
"anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies; highly specific for SLE, and are found in ~15% (range 10-20%) of White patients and ~ 35% (range 30-40%) of Asian and Black patients; associated with renal and CNS involvement 12"
"anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies; highly specific for SLE, and are found in ~15% (range 10-20%) of White patients and ~ 35% (range 30-40%) of Asian and Black patients; associated with renal and CNS involvement 12"